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Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Estimates among US Department of Defense Adult Beneficiaries over Four Consecutive Influenza Seasons: A Test-Negative Design Study with Different Control Groups
A test-negative design study with different control groups (influenza test-negative controls, non-influenza virus positive controls, and pan-negative controls) was conducted to assess inactivated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) in adults aged ≥18 years, 2016–2017 through 2019–2020 influenza sea...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8781181/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35062721 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10010058 |
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author | Hu, Wenping Sjoberg, Paul A. DeMarcus, Laurie S. Robbins, Anthony S. |
author_facet | Hu, Wenping Sjoberg, Paul A. DeMarcus, Laurie S. Robbins, Anthony S. |
author_sort | Hu, Wenping |
collection | PubMed |
description | A test-negative design study with different control groups (influenza test-negative controls, non-influenza virus positive controls, and pan-negative controls) was conducted to assess inactivated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) in adults aged ≥18 years, 2016–2017 through 2019–2020 influenza seasons. A database was developed from the US Department of Defense Global Respiratory Pathogen Surveillance Program. VE was estimated using a generalized linear mixed model with logit link and binomial distribution, adjusted for confounding effects. A total of 7114 adults including 2543 medically attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza-positive cases were identified. Using influenza test-negative controls, the adjusted VE in adults was 40% [95% confidence interval (CI): 33–46%] overall, including 46% (95% CI: 36–55%) for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, 32% (95% CI: 19–42%) for influenza A(H3N2), and 54% (95% CI: 44–62%) for influenza B. The age-stratified analysis showed that VE estimates against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (34%; 95% CI: −29–66%) and influenza A(H3N2) (6%; 95% CI: −60–45%) were low and non-significant for elderly adults ≥65 years of age. Overall VE estimates against any influenza or by influenza (sub)types in adults were consistent when using influenza test-negative controls, non-influenza virus positive controls, and pan-negative controls. Inactivated influenza vaccination provided moderate protection against influenza virus infection, based on the analysis from a large number of adults aged ≥18 years over multiple influenza seasons. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8781181 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87811812022-01-22 Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Estimates among US Department of Defense Adult Beneficiaries over Four Consecutive Influenza Seasons: A Test-Negative Design Study with Different Control Groups Hu, Wenping Sjoberg, Paul A. DeMarcus, Laurie S. Robbins, Anthony S. Vaccines (Basel) Article A test-negative design study with different control groups (influenza test-negative controls, non-influenza virus positive controls, and pan-negative controls) was conducted to assess inactivated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) in adults aged ≥18 years, 2016–2017 through 2019–2020 influenza seasons. A database was developed from the US Department of Defense Global Respiratory Pathogen Surveillance Program. VE was estimated using a generalized linear mixed model with logit link and binomial distribution, adjusted for confounding effects. A total of 7114 adults including 2543 medically attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza-positive cases were identified. Using influenza test-negative controls, the adjusted VE in adults was 40% [95% confidence interval (CI): 33–46%] overall, including 46% (95% CI: 36–55%) for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, 32% (95% CI: 19–42%) for influenza A(H3N2), and 54% (95% CI: 44–62%) for influenza B. The age-stratified analysis showed that VE estimates against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (34%; 95% CI: −29–66%) and influenza A(H3N2) (6%; 95% CI: −60–45%) were low and non-significant for elderly adults ≥65 years of age. Overall VE estimates against any influenza or by influenza (sub)types in adults were consistent when using influenza test-negative controls, non-influenza virus positive controls, and pan-negative controls. Inactivated influenza vaccination provided moderate protection against influenza virus infection, based on the analysis from a large number of adults aged ≥18 years over multiple influenza seasons. MDPI 2021-12-31 /pmc/articles/PMC8781181/ /pubmed/35062721 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10010058 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Hu, Wenping Sjoberg, Paul A. DeMarcus, Laurie S. Robbins, Anthony S. Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Estimates among US Department of Defense Adult Beneficiaries over Four Consecutive Influenza Seasons: A Test-Negative Design Study with Different Control Groups |
title | Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Estimates among US Department of Defense Adult Beneficiaries over Four Consecutive Influenza Seasons: A Test-Negative Design Study with Different Control Groups |
title_full | Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Estimates among US Department of Defense Adult Beneficiaries over Four Consecutive Influenza Seasons: A Test-Negative Design Study with Different Control Groups |
title_fullStr | Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Estimates among US Department of Defense Adult Beneficiaries over Four Consecutive Influenza Seasons: A Test-Negative Design Study with Different Control Groups |
title_full_unstemmed | Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Estimates among US Department of Defense Adult Beneficiaries over Four Consecutive Influenza Seasons: A Test-Negative Design Study with Different Control Groups |
title_short | Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Estimates among US Department of Defense Adult Beneficiaries over Four Consecutive Influenza Seasons: A Test-Negative Design Study with Different Control Groups |
title_sort | influenza vaccine effectiveness estimates among us department of defense adult beneficiaries over four consecutive influenza seasons: a test-negative design study with different control groups |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8781181/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35062721 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10010058 |
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