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Immunotherapy and Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Review of New Treatment Approaches
Introduction: Renal cell carcinomas (RCC) have been treated with immunotherapy for decades; the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors represents the most recent advance. In this review, we compare these new RCC immunotherapies, with a focus on achieving durable complete responses (CR). Review: Sorafen...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8781308/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35054417 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12010024 |
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author | Kathuria-Prakash, Nikhita Drolen, Claire Hannigan, Christopher A. Drakaki, Alexandra |
author_facet | Kathuria-Prakash, Nikhita Drolen, Claire Hannigan, Christopher A. Drakaki, Alexandra |
author_sort | Kathuria-Prakash, Nikhita |
collection | PubMed |
description | Introduction: Renal cell carcinomas (RCC) have been treated with immunotherapy for decades; the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors represents the most recent advance. In this review, we compare these new RCC immunotherapies, with a focus on achieving durable complete responses (CR). Review: Sorafenib and sunitinib were the first Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved targeted agents for RCC, with sunitinib eventually becoming the standard-of-care agent against which novel therapies are compared. In the last five years, many combination therapies based on the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), including ipilimumab/nivolumab, nivolumab/cabozantinib, avelumab/axitinib, pembrolizumab/axitinib, and pembrolizumab/lenvatinib, have demonstrated superior overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) compared to sunitinib. Ongoing clinical trials of hypoxia-induced factor-2 alpha (HIF-2a) inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy targeting CD70, and other new combination therapies have also shown promise and are currently under investigation. Conclusions: Many new combination therapies are approved for RCC treatment, and CR rates suggest that, in the era of immunotherapy, it may be possible to achieve durable responses and survival benefit in patients with metastatic RCC. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8781308 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87813082022-01-22 Immunotherapy and Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Review of New Treatment Approaches Kathuria-Prakash, Nikhita Drolen, Claire Hannigan, Christopher A. Drakaki, Alexandra Life (Basel) Review Introduction: Renal cell carcinomas (RCC) have been treated with immunotherapy for decades; the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors represents the most recent advance. In this review, we compare these new RCC immunotherapies, with a focus on achieving durable complete responses (CR). Review: Sorafenib and sunitinib were the first Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved targeted agents for RCC, with sunitinib eventually becoming the standard-of-care agent against which novel therapies are compared. In the last five years, many combination therapies based on the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), including ipilimumab/nivolumab, nivolumab/cabozantinib, avelumab/axitinib, pembrolizumab/axitinib, and pembrolizumab/lenvatinib, have demonstrated superior overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) compared to sunitinib. Ongoing clinical trials of hypoxia-induced factor-2 alpha (HIF-2a) inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy targeting CD70, and other new combination therapies have also shown promise and are currently under investigation. Conclusions: Many new combination therapies are approved for RCC treatment, and CR rates suggest that, in the era of immunotherapy, it may be possible to achieve durable responses and survival benefit in patients with metastatic RCC. MDPI 2021-12-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8781308/ /pubmed/35054417 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12010024 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Kathuria-Prakash, Nikhita Drolen, Claire Hannigan, Christopher A. Drakaki, Alexandra Immunotherapy and Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Review of New Treatment Approaches |
title | Immunotherapy and Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Review of New Treatment Approaches |
title_full | Immunotherapy and Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Review of New Treatment Approaches |
title_fullStr | Immunotherapy and Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Review of New Treatment Approaches |
title_full_unstemmed | Immunotherapy and Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Review of New Treatment Approaches |
title_short | Immunotherapy and Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Review of New Treatment Approaches |
title_sort | immunotherapy and metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a review of new treatment approaches |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8781308/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35054417 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12010024 |
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