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Effects of Ionizing Radiation and Long-Term Storage on Hydrated vs. Dried Cell Samples of Extremophilic Microorganisms

A main factor hampering life in space is represented by high atomic number nuclei and energy (HZE) ions that constitute about 1% of the galactic cosmic rays. In the frame of the “STARLIFE” project, we accessed the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator (HIMAC) facility of the National Institute of Radiologic...

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Autores principales: Romano, Ida, Camerlingo, Carlo, Vaccari, Lisa, Birarda, Giovanni, Poli, Annarita, Fujimori, Akira, Lepore, Maria, Moeller, Ralf, Di Donato, Paola
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8782055/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35056640
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010190
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author Romano, Ida
Camerlingo, Carlo
Vaccari, Lisa
Birarda, Giovanni
Poli, Annarita
Fujimori, Akira
Lepore, Maria
Moeller, Ralf
Di Donato, Paola
author_facet Romano, Ida
Camerlingo, Carlo
Vaccari, Lisa
Birarda, Giovanni
Poli, Annarita
Fujimori, Akira
Lepore, Maria
Moeller, Ralf
Di Donato, Paola
author_sort Romano, Ida
collection PubMed
description A main factor hampering life in space is represented by high atomic number nuclei and energy (HZE) ions that constitute about 1% of the galactic cosmic rays. In the frame of the “STARLIFE” project, we accessed the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator (HIMAC) facility of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) in Chiba, Japan. By means of this facility, the extremophilic species Haloterrigena hispanica and Parageobacillus thermantarcticus were irradiated with high LET ions (i.e., Fe, Ar, and He ions) at doses corresponding to long permanence in the space environment. The survivability of HZE-treated cells depended upon either the storage time and the hydration state during irradiation; indeed, dry samples were shown to be more resistant than hydrated ones. With particular regard to spores of the species P. thermantarcticus, they were the most resistant to irradiation in a water medium: an analysis of the changes in their biochemical fingerprinting during irradiation showed that, below the survivability threshold, the spores undergo to a germination-like process, while for higher doses, inactivation takes place as a consequence of the concomitant release of the core’s content and a loss of integrity of the main cellular components. Overall, the results reported here suggest that the selected extremophilic microorganisms could serve as biological model for space simulation and/or real space condition exposure, since they showed good resistance to ionizing radiation exposure and were able to resume cellular growth after long-term storage.
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spelling pubmed-87820552022-01-22 Effects of Ionizing Radiation and Long-Term Storage on Hydrated vs. Dried Cell Samples of Extremophilic Microorganisms Romano, Ida Camerlingo, Carlo Vaccari, Lisa Birarda, Giovanni Poli, Annarita Fujimori, Akira Lepore, Maria Moeller, Ralf Di Donato, Paola Microorganisms Article A main factor hampering life in space is represented by high atomic number nuclei and energy (HZE) ions that constitute about 1% of the galactic cosmic rays. In the frame of the “STARLIFE” project, we accessed the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator (HIMAC) facility of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) in Chiba, Japan. By means of this facility, the extremophilic species Haloterrigena hispanica and Parageobacillus thermantarcticus were irradiated with high LET ions (i.e., Fe, Ar, and He ions) at doses corresponding to long permanence in the space environment. The survivability of HZE-treated cells depended upon either the storage time and the hydration state during irradiation; indeed, dry samples were shown to be more resistant than hydrated ones. With particular regard to spores of the species P. thermantarcticus, they were the most resistant to irradiation in a water medium: an analysis of the changes in their biochemical fingerprinting during irradiation showed that, below the survivability threshold, the spores undergo to a germination-like process, while for higher doses, inactivation takes place as a consequence of the concomitant release of the core’s content and a loss of integrity of the main cellular components. Overall, the results reported here suggest that the selected extremophilic microorganisms could serve as biological model for space simulation and/or real space condition exposure, since they showed good resistance to ionizing radiation exposure and were able to resume cellular growth after long-term storage. MDPI 2022-01-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8782055/ /pubmed/35056640 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010190 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Romano, Ida
Camerlingo, Carlo
Vaccari, Lisa
Birarda, Giovanni
Poli, Annarita
Fujimori, Akira
Lepore, Maria
Moeller, Ralf
Di Donato, Paola
Effects of Ionizing Radiation and Long-Term Storage on Hydrated vs. Dried Cell Samples of Extremophilic Microorganisms
title Effects of Ionizing Radiation and Long-Term Storage on Hydrated vs. Dried Cell Samples of Extremophilic Microorganisms
title_full Effects of Ionizing Radiation and Long-Term Storage on Hydrated vs. Dried Cell Samples of Extremophilic Microorganisms
title_fullStr Effects of Ionizing Radiation and Long-Term Storage on Hydrated vs. Dried Cell Samples of Extremophilic Microorganisms
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Ionizing Radiation and Long-Term Storage on Hydrated vs. Dried Cell Samples of Extremophilic Microorganisms
title_short Effects of Ionizing Radiation and Long-Term Storage on Hydrated vs. Dried Cell Samples of Extremophilic Microorganisms
title_sort effects of ionizing radiation and long-term storage on hydrated vs. dried cell samples of extremophilic microorganisms
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8782055/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35056640
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010190
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