Geriatric Patients Undergoing Outpatient Surgery in the United States: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis on the Rates of Hospital Admission and Complications

Introduction: This study is a retrospective cohort analysis that describes key clinical outcomes in elderly individuals who undergo outpatient surgical procedures. In particular, we report same-day admission, 30-day mortality, 30-day complications, and 30-day readmission rates for three separate age groups undergoing frequent outpatient, general surgical procedures. Methods: Patients ≥18 years old who underwent the 10 most common outpatient surgical procedures in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2017 to 2019 and who underwent general anesthesia were included in the study. The primary outcome of interest was hospital admission, defined as hospital length of stay >0 days. Secondary outcomes of interest included 30-day readmission, 30-day mortality, and 30-day postoperative complications. The primary exposure variable of interest was age, which was divided into <65 years of age (reference cohort), 65-79 years of age, and ≥80 years of age. For univariate analysis, to measure differences in the outcomes and patient characteristics, we used chi-squared tests. Our primary method of analysis was multivariable logistic regression. Results: Those who were ≥80 and 65-79 years of age compared to <65 years of age had higher odds of same-day admission, 30-day mortality, composite postoperative complications, and readmission. Patients who were ≥80 years old had higher odds of same-day admission for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, partial mastectomy, laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair, inguinal hernia repair, umbilical hernia repair, laparoscopic removal of adnexal structures, and lumbar laminotomy. Conclusion: Increasing age, particularly greater than 80 years or older and 65-79 years of age group, is associated with an increased rate of same-day hospital admissions and complications after ambulatory surgery.