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Distribution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Human T-Leukemia Virus Co-infection in Bahia, Brazil
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Human T-Leukemia Virus (HTLV) are retroviruses that share similar routes of transmission. In Brazil, the prevalence of HIV and HTLV varies according to geographic region. The state of Bahia, located in the Northeast region, is considered endemic for both retrov...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8784416/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35083245 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.788176 |
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author | Pereira, Felicidade Mota Santos, Fred Luciano Neves Silva, Ângelo Antônio Oliveira Nascimento, Nathan Menezes Almeida, Maria da Conceição Chagas Carreiro, Roberto Perez Galvão-Castro, Bernardo Rios Grassi, Maria Fernanda |
author_facet | Pereira, Felicidade Mota Santos, Fred Luciano Neves Silva, Ângelo Antônio Oliveira Nascimento, Nathan Menezes Almeida, Maria da Conceição Chagas Carreiro, Roberto Perez Galvão-Castro, Bernardo Rios Grassi, Maria Fernanda |
author_sort | Pereira, Felicidade Mota |
collection | PubMed |
description | Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Human T-Leukemia Virus (HTLV) are retroviruses that share similar routes of transmission. In Brazil, the prevalence of HIV and HTLV varies according to geographic region. The state of Bahia, located in the Northeast region, is considered endemic for both retroviruses. The present study aimed to characterize the frequency of HIV/HTLV coinfection and evaluate the geographic distribution of coinfection throughout the state. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the state's Central Laboratory of Public Health (LACEN-BA) and included all samples from 2004 to 2013 submitted to serological testing for anti-HIV and anti-HTLV-1/2, screened by chemiluminescence/ELISA and confirmed by Western blot. Infection rates are expressed as the number of infected individuals per 100,000 inhabitants from each municipality. A total of 129,158 samples originating from 358/417 (85.8%) municipalities in Bahia were evaluated. HTLV was detected in 2.4% of the HIV-positive samples (n = 42) compared to 0.5% of those with negative HIV serology (n = 677) (OR: 4.65; CI: 3.39–6.37). HIV/HTLV coinfection was more frequent in women (69.0%); the median age of coinfected individuals was 47.2 years [interquartile range (IQR): 41.6–55.4 years]. In the 14/417 (3.4%) municipalities where at least one case of HIV/HTLV coinfection was detected, the overall HTLV coinfection rate in HIV-positive samples was 0.25 (range: 0.17–13.84) per 100,000 inhabitants. Most cases of HIV/HTLV-1 coinfection (21/37, 57%) were concentrated in the municipality of Salvador. Isolated instances (one or two cases) of HIV/HTLV-1 coinfection were distributed across municipalities known to be endemic for HTLV infection. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8784416 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87844162022-01-25 Distribution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Human T-Leukemia Virus Co-infection in Bahia, Brazil Pereira, Felicidade Mota Santos, Fred Luciano Neves Silva, Ângelo Antônio Oliveira Nascimento, Nathan Menezes Almeida, Maria da Conceição Chagas Carreiro, Roberto Perez Galvão-Castro, Bernardo Rios Grassi, Maria Fernanda Front Med (Lausanne) Medicine Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Human T-Leukemia Virus (HTLV) are retroviruses that share similar routes of transmission. In Brazil, the prevalence of HIV and HTLV varies according to geographic region. The state of Bahia, located in the Northeast region, is considered endemic for both retroviruses. The present study aimed to characterize the frequency of HIV/HTLV coinfection and evaluate the geographic distribution of coinfection throughout the state. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the state's Central Laboratory of Public Health (LACEN-BA) and included all samples from 2004 to 2013 submitted to serological testing for anti-HIV and anti-HTLV-1/2, screened by chemiluminescence/ELISA and confirmed by Western blot. Infection rates are expressed as the number of infected individuals per 100,000 inhabitants from each municipality. A total of 129,158 samples originating from 358/417 (85.8%) municipalities in Bahia were evaluated. HTLV was detected in 2.4% of the HIV-positive samples (n = 42) compared to 0.5% of those with negative HIV serology (n = 677) (OR: 4.65; CI: 3.39–6.37). HIV/HTLV coinfection was more frequent in women (69.0%); the median age of coinfected individuals was 47.2 years [interquartile range (IQR): 41.6–55.4 years]. In the 14/417 (3.4%) municipalities where at least one case of HIV/HTLV coinfection was detected, the overall HTLV coinfection rate in HIV-positive samples was 0.25 (range: 0.17–13.84) per 100,000 inhabitants. Most cases of HIV/HTLV-1 coinfection (21/37, 57%) were concentrated in the municipality of Salvador. Isolated instances (one or two cases) of HIV/HTLV-1 coinfection were distributed across municipalities known to be endemic for HTLV infection. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-01-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8784416/ /pubmed/35083245 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.788176 Text en Copyright © 2022 Pereira, Santos, Silva, Nascimento, Almeida, Carreiro, Galvão-Castro and Rios Grassi. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Medicine Pereira, Felicidade Mota Santos, Fred Luciano Neves Silva, Ângelo Antônio Oliveira Nascimento, Nathan Menezes Almeida, Maria da Conceição Chagas Carreiro, Roberto Perez Galvão-Castro, Bernardo Rios Grassi, Maria Fernanda Distribution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Human T-Leukemia Virus Co-infection in Bahia, Brazil |
title | Distribution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Human T-Leukemia Virus Co-infection in Bahia, Brazil |
title_full | Distribution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Human T-Leukemia Virus Co-infection in Bahia, Brazil |
title_fullStr | Distribution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Human T-Leukemia Virus Co-infection in Bahia, Brazil |
title_full_unstemmed | Distribution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Human T-Leukemia Virus Co-infection in Bahia, Brazil |
title_short | Distribution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Human T-Leukemia Virus Co-infection in Bahia, Brazil |
title_sort | distribution of human immunodeficiency virus and human t-leukemia virus co-infection in bahia, brazil |
topic | Medicine |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8784416/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35083245 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.788176 |
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