The outcome of radiocephalic after brachiocephalic and redo arteriovenous fistula

INTRODUCTION: When created in appropriately selected patients, arteriovenous fistula requires fewer interventions and costs compared to arteriovenous graft. The outcome of radiocephalic after brachiocephalic and redo arteriovenous fistula is not studied well in the literature, and this study highlights the outcome of these arteriovenous fistulae. METHODS: The retrospective, single-center study, based on patient record analysis of 1040 arteriovenous fistula, was created between January 2017 and October 2021. Thirty-nine (3.37%) patients met the inclusion criteria for radiocephalic after brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula group, and 42 (4.04%) met the inclusion criteria for the redo arteriovenous fistula group. Preoperative Doppler ultrasound was performed by the operating surgeon in all patients. All patients were scheduled for a visit 2 months after surgery for assessment—only 34 of radiocephalic after brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula and 35 of redo arteriovenous fistula patients presented for follow-up. The arteriovenous fistula was assessed for patency, maturation, and complications. SPSS version 22 (Chicago, USA) was used for data entry and analysis. RESULTS: The redo arteriovenous fistula has a significantly lower maturation rate at 2 months of follow-up (62.85%) when compared to other brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (79.18%) (p-value = 0.0245). The radiocephalic after brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula has no significant difference in maturation rate at 2 months of follow-up (61.67%) when compared to other distal forearms radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (68.18%) (p-value = 0.5173). The incidence of some early complications was higher in the redo group. CONCLUSION: The feasibility of doing radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula after failed brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula is generally overlooked. The redo arteriovenous fistula is more technically challenging, associated with higher complications, but it provides reliable access in a specific group of patients.