Prediction of Prognosis in Adult Patients With Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection

OBJECTIVE: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infections are associated with poor patient outcomes. We aimed to analyze the clinical information of adult patients with CRKP infection in order to establish a nomogram for mortality risk as well as to determine the treatment effectiveness of different antimicrobial regimens. METHODS: Adult patients diagnosed with CRKP infection in a tertiary hospital in Shanghai between September 2019 and March 2021 were included. The clinical characteristics and clinical outcomes of these patients were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 199 cases of CRKP infection were examined. Five factors, namely age ≥65 years, respiratory failure, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, serum procalcitonin ≥5 ng/mL, and appropriate treatments in 3 days, were found to be associated with 30-day mortality. Upon incorporating these factors, the nomogram achieved good concordance indexes of 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80–0.90) and well-fitted calibration curves. Receiver-operating characteristic curves for 7-, 15-, and 30-day survival had areas under the curve of 0.90, 0.87, and 0.88, respectively. Three-drug combination therapy was observed to be associated with lower mortality in the high-risk group (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.06–0.99) but not in the low-risk group. Ceftazidime–avibactam, fosfomycin, and amikacin were effective against infections caused by CRKP. Tigecycline improved the treatment efficiency in 7 days, but a trend toward increased mortality was seen (HR, 1.69; 95% CI: 0.98–2.94; P = 0.061). CONCLUSION: The antimicrobial regimen efficacy data and the predictive nomogram established in this study can help clinicians in identifying high-risk adult patients with CRKP infection, improving the therapeutic effect, and reducing mortality.