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Two Opposing Roles of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-Reactive Antibodies in Pre-Pandemic Plasma Samples From Elderly People in ACE2-Mediated Pseudovirus Infection

A novel coronavirus designated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged and caused an outbreak of unusual viral pneumonia. Several reports have shown that cross-reactive antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 also exist in people unexposed to this virus. However, the neutralizing...

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Autores principales: Sim, Kyu-Young, Ko, Gwang-Hoon, Bae, So-Eun, Choi, Kyu Yeong, Lee, Jung Sup, Kim, Byeong C., Lee, Kun Ho, Song, Mi-Ryoung, Park, Sung-Gyoo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8787138/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35087532
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.813240
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author Sim, Kyu-Young
Ko, Gwang-Hoon
Bae, So-Eun
Choi, Kyu Yeong
Lee, Jung Sup
Kim, Byeong C.
Lee, Kun Ho
Song, Mi-Ryoung
Park, Sung-Gyoo
author_facet Sim, Kyu-Young
Ko, Gwang-Hoon
Bae, So-Eun
Choi, Kyu Yeong
Lee, Jung Sup
Kim, Byeong C.
Lee, Kun Ho
Song, Mi-Ryoung
Park, Sung-Gyoo
author_sort Sim, Kyu-Young
collection PubMed
description A novel coronavirus designated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged and caused an outbreak of unusual viral pneumonia. Several reports have shown that cross-reactive antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 also exist in people unexposed to this virus. However, the neutralizing activity of cross-reactive antibodies is controversial. Here, we subjected plasma samples from SARS-CoV-2-unexposed elderly Korean people (n = 119) to bead-based IgG antibody analysis. SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit-reactive IgG antibody analysis detected positive signals in some samples (59 of 119, 49.6%). SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD)-reactive antibody levels were most significantly correlated with human coronavirus-HKU1 S1 subunit-reactive antibody levels. To check the neutralizing activity of plasma samples, the SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotype neutralizing assay was used. However, the levels of cross-reactive antibodies did not correlate with neutralizing activity. Instead, SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection was neutralized by some RBD-reactive plasma samples (n = 9, neutralization ≥ 25%, P ≤ 0.05), but enhanced by other RBD-reactive plasma samples (n = 4, neutralization ≤ -25%, P ≤ 0.05). Interestingly, the blood plasma groups with enhancing and neutralizing effects had high levels of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-reactive antibodies than the plasma group that had no effect. These results suggest that some SARS-CoV-2 RBD-reactive antibodies from pre-pandemic elderly people exert two opposing functions during SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection. In conclusion, preformed RBD-reactive antibodies may have two opposing functions, namely, protecting against and enhancing viral infection. Analysis of the epitopes of preformed antibodies will be useful to elucidate the underlying mechanism.
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spelling pubmed-87871382022-01-26 Two Opposing Roles of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-Reactive Antibodies in Pre-Pandemic Plasma Samples From Elderly People in ACE2-Mediated Pseudovirus Infection Sim, Kyu-Young Ko, Gwang-Hoon Bae, So-Eun Choi, Kyu Yeong Lee, Jung Sup Kim, Byeong C. Lee, Kun Ho Song, Mi-Ryoung Park, Sung-Gyoo Front Immunol Immunology A novel coronavirus designated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged and caused an outbreak of unusual viral pneumonia. Several reports have shown that cross-reactive antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 also exist in people unexposed to this virus. However, the neutralizing activity of cross-reactive antibodies is controversial. Here, we subjected plasma samples from SARS-CoV-2-unexposed elderly Korean people (n = 119) to bead-based IgG antibody analysis. SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit-reactive IgG antibody analysis detected positive signals in some samples (59 of 119, 49.6%). SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD)-reactive antibody levels were most significantly correlated with human coronavirus-HKU1 S1 subunit-reactive antibody levels. To check the neutralizing activity of plasma samples, the SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotype neutralizing assay was used. However, the levels of cross-reactive antibodies did not correlate with neutralizing activity. Instead, SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection was neutralized by some RBD-reactive plasma samples (n = 9, neutralization ≥ 25%, P ≤ 0.05), but enhanced by other RBD-reactive plasma samples (n = 4, neutralization ≤ -25%, P ≤ 0.05). Interestingly, the blood plasma groups with enhancing and neutralizing effects had high levels of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-reactive antibodies than the plasma group that had no effect. These results suggest that some SARS-CoV-2 RBD-reactive antibodies from pre-pandemic elderly people exert two opposing functions during SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection. In conclusion, preformed RBD-reactive antibodies may have two opposing functions, namely, protecting against and enhancing viral infection. Analysis of the epitopes of preformed antibodies will be useful to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-01-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8787138/ /pubmed/35087532 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.813240 Text en Copyright © 2022 Sim, Ko, Bae, Choi, Lee, Kim, Lee, Song and Park https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Sim, Kyu-Young
Ko, Gwang-Hoon
Bae, So-Eun
Choi, Kyu Yeong
Lee, Jung Sup
Kim, Byeong C.
Lee, Kun Ho
Song, Mi-Ryoung
Park, Sung-Gyoo
Two Opposing Roles of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-Reactive Antibodies in Pre-Pandemic Plasma Samples From Elderly People in ACE2-Mediated Pseudovirus Infection
title Two Opposing Roles of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-Reactive Antibodies in Pre-Pandemic Plasma Samples From Elderly People in ACE2-Mediated Pseudovirus Infection
title_full Two Opposing Roles of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-Reactive Antibodies in Pre-Pandemic Plasma Samples From Elderly People in ACE2-Mediated Pseudovirus Infection
title_fullStr Two Opposing Roles of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-Reactive Antibodies in Pre-Pandemic Plasma Samples From Elderly People in ACE2-Mediated Pseudovirus Infection
title_full_unstemmed Two Opposing Roles of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-Reactive Antibodies in Pre-Pandemic Plasma Samples From Elderly People in ACE2-Mediated Pseudovirus Infection
title_short Two Opposing Roles of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-Reactive Antibodies in Pre-Pandemic Plasma Samples From Elderly People in ACE2-Mediated Pseudovirus Infection
title_sort two opposing roles of sars-cov-2 rbd-reactive antibodies in pre-pandemic plasma samples from elderly people in ace2-mediated pseudovirus infection
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8787138/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35087532
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.813240
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