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Evaluating tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in hepatocellular carcinoma using hematoxylin and eosin-stained tumor sections

BACKGROUND: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) constitute a prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, different methods of assessing TILs have various pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical challenges. The evaluation of TILs in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained...

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Autores principales: Du, Min, Cai, Yu-Meng, Yin, Yu-Lei, Xiao, Li, Ji, Yuan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8790462/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35127901
http://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v10.i3.856
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author Du, Min
Cai, Yu-Meng
Yin, Yu-Lei
Xiao, Li
Ji, Yuan
author_facet Du, Min
Cai, Yu-Meng
Yin, Yu-Lei
Xiao, Li
Ji, Yuan
author_sort Du, Min
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) constitute a prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, different methods of assessing TILs have various pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical challenges. The evaluation of TILs in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained tumor sections proposed by the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group was demonstrated to be a reproducible, affordable and easily applied method in many tumors. AIM: To evaluate the prognostic significance of TILs in H&E-stained slides of HCCs. METHODS: This was a retrospective study performed in the hospital. HCC patients who underwent liver resection between 2015 and 2017 in Zhongshan Hospital were enrolled in this study. Patients who experienced recurrence or received therapy in addition to antiviral therapy before surgery at this time were excluded. A total of 204 patients were enrolled in the study. The ILs were counted manually in tumor sections stained with H&E under an optical microscope at 400 ×. The ILs were assessed separately in the center of the tumor (TILs(CT)), the invasive front (TILs(IF)), and peritumor (PILs) areas. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed using a Cox regression model. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant and all P-values were two-sided. RESULTS: Among the 204 patients, univariate analysis indicated that macrovascular invasion (MaVI) (P = 0.001), microvascular invasion (MVI) (P = 0.012), multiple tumors (P = 0.008), large tumors (> 10 cm) (P = 0.001), absence of a tumor capsule (P = 0.026), macrotrabecular histological subtype (P = 0.001), low density of TILs(CT )(P = 0.039), TILs(IF )(P = 0.014), and PILs (P = 0.010) were predictors of progression-free survival (PFS). Cox multivariate analysis indicated that MaVI (P = 0.009), absence of a tumor capsule (P = 0.031), low-density of TILs(IF )(P = 0.047) and PILs (P = 0.0495) were independent predictors of PFS. A three-category analysis was carried out by combining TILs(CT), TILs(IF), and PILs, after which HCCs were classified into immune(high) [(TILs(CT))(high), (TILs(IF))(high), and PILs(high), 83 cases], immune(mod )(tumors other than immune(high )and immune(low )subtypes, 94 cases), and immune(low) [(TILs(CT))(low), (TILs(IF))(low), and PILs(low), 27 cases)] subtypes. The immune(high )subtype had a lower rate of MVI (40.96%) than the immune(mod )(61.70%, P = 0.017) and immune(low )(66.67%, P = 0.020) subtypes. The recurrence rates of the immune(high), immune(mod )and immune(low )subtypes were 10.8%, 25.5% and 33.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: HCC patients with high infiltrating lymphocytes tend to have a lower recurrence rate and less MVI. The evaluation of TILs in H&E-stained specimens could be a prognostic parameter for HCC.
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spelling pubmed-87904622022-02-03 Evaluating tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in hepatocellular carcinoma using hematoxylin and eosin-stained tumor sections Du, Min Cai, Yu-Meng Yin, Yu-Lei Xiao, Li Ji, Yuan World J Clin Cases Retrospective Study BACKGROUND: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) constitute a prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, different methods of assessing TILs have various pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical challenges. The evaluation of TILs in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained tumor sections proposed by the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group was demonstrated to be a reproducible, affordable and easily applied method in many tumors. AIM: To evaluate the prognostic significance of TILs in H&E-stained slides of HCCs. METHODS: This was a retrospective study performed in the hospital. HCC patients who underwent liver resection between 2015 and 2017 in Zhongshan Hospital were enrolled in this study. Patients who experienced recurrence or received therapy in addition to antiviral therapy before surgery at this time were excluded. A total of 204 patients were enrolled in the study. The ILs were counted manually in tumor sections stained with H&E under an optical microscope at 400 ×. The ILs were assessed separately in the center of the tumor (TILs(CT)), the invasive front (TILs(IF)), and peritumor (PILs) areas. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed using a Cox regression model. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant and all P-values were two-sided. RESULTS: Among the 204 patients, univariate analysis indicated that macrovascular invasion (MaVI) (P = 0.001), microvascular invasion (MVI) (P = 0.012), multiple tumors (P = 0.008), large tumors (> 10 cm) (P = 0.001), absence of a tumor capsule (P = 0.026), macrotrabecular histological subtype (P = 0.001), low density of TILs(CT )(P = 0.039), TILs(IF )(P = 0.014), and PILs (P = 0.010) were predictors of progression-free survival (PFS). Cox multivariate analysis indicated that MaVI (P = 0.009), absence of a tumor capsule (P = 0.031), low-density of TILs(IF )(P = 0.047) and PILs (P = 0.0495) were independent predictors of PFS. A three-category analysis was carried out by combining TILs(CT), TILs(IF), and PILs, after which HCCs were classified into immune(high) [(TILs(CT))(high), (TILs(IF))(high), and PILs(high), 83 cases], immune(mod )(tumors other than immune(high )and immune(low )subtypes, 94 cases), and immune(low) [(TILs(CT))(low), (TILs(IF))(low), and PILs(low), 27 cases)] subtypes. The immune(high )subtype had a lower rate of MVI (40.96%) than the immune(mod )(61.70%, P = 0.017) and immune(low )(66.67%, P = 0.020) subtypes. The recurrence rates of the immune(high), immune(mod )and immune(low )subtypes were 10.8%, 25.5% and 33.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: HCC patients with high infiltrating lymphocytes tend to have a lower recurrence rate and less MVI. The evaluation of TILs in H&E-stained specimens could be a prognostic parameter for HCC. Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 2022-01-21 2022-01-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8790462/ /pubmed/35127901 http://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v10.i3.856 Text en ©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
spellingShingle Retrospective Study
Du, Min
Cai, Yu-Meng
Yin, Yu-Lei
Xiao, Li
Ji, Yuan
Evaluating tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in hepatocellular carcinoma using hematoxylin and eosin-stained tumor sections
title Evaluating tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in hepatocellular carcinoma using hematoxylin and eosin-stained tumor sections
title_full Evaluating tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in hepatocellular carcinoma using hematoxylin and eosin-stained tumor sections
title_fullStr Evaluating tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in hepatocellular carcinoma using hematoxylin and eosin-stained tumor sections
title_full_unstemmed Evaluating tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in hepatocellular carcinoma using hematoxylin and eosin-stained tumor sections
title_short Evaluating tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in hepatocellular carcinoma using hematoxylin and eosin-stained tumor sections
title_sort evaluating tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in hepatocellular carcinoma using hematoxylin and eosin-stained tumor sections
topic Retrospective Study
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8790462/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35127901
http://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v10.i3.856
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