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Frequency and Correlates of Hypogonadism in Adult Males with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There is increasing awareness about an association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and male hypogonadism. However, data are sparse and less uniform with respect to factors associated with hypogonadism in males with T2DM. This study aimed to assess the frequency and corre...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8793960/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35136739 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijem.ijem_239_21 |
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author | Gangwar, Saurabh K. Verma, Sanjiv K. Modi, Sagar |
author_facet | Gangwar, Saurabh K. Verma, Sanjiv K. Modi, Sagar |
author_sort | Gangwar, Saurabh K. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There is increasing awareness about an association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and male hypogonadism. However, data are sparse and less uniform with respect to factors associated with hypogonadism in males with T2DM. This study aimed to assess the frequency and correlates of hypogonadism in these subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 130 males with T2DM, age 25-60 years. Study subjects were screened for hypogonadal symptoms using androgen deficiency in aging male (ADAM) questionnaire. Serum total testosterone was measured in subjects with positive ADAM score. Hypogonadism was defined as the presence of positive ADAM score and low serum total testosterone (<3 ng/mL). Clinical and biochemical variables were compared between T2DM subjects with and without hypogonadism. RESULTS: Hypogonadism was observed in 26.9% of the study subjects. Hypogonadal symptoms most frequently observed in patients with T2DM and hypogonadism were erectile dysfunction (96.4%), reduced libido (64.3%) and deterioration in work performance (53.6%). Group with T2DM and hypogonadism had higher (i) duration of T2DM (8.9 ± 5.03 vs. 4.8 ± 4.76 years; P = .001), (ii) frequency of diabetic retinopathy (58.3% vs. 27.3%; P = .008), (iii) frequency of diabetic neuropathy (42.9% vs. 19.7%; P = .024), (iv) proportion of subjects on insulin therapy (46.4% vs. 22.4%; P = .027), and (v) HbA1c (10.9 ± 2.63% vs. 9.3 ± 2.42%; P = .006), compared to group without hypogonadism. CONCLUSION: Hypogonadism was present in nearly one-fourth of the study subjects with T2DM. Compared to the subjects without hypogonadism, group with hypogonadism had longer duration of diabetes, higher HbA1c, greater frequencies of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic neuropathy, and more subjects on insulin therapy. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8793960 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Wolters Kluwer - Medknow |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87939602022-02-07 Frequency and Correlates of Hypogonadism in Adult Males with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Gangwar, Saurabh K. Verma, Sanjiv K. Modi, Sagar Indian J Endocrinol Metab Original Article BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There is increasing awareness about an association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and male hypogonadism. However, data are sparse and less uniform with respect to factors associated with hypogonadism in males with T2DM. This study aimed to assess the frequency and correlates of hypogonadism in these subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 130 males with T2DM, age 25-60 years. Study subjects were screened for hypogonadal symptoms using androgen deficiency in aging male (ADAM) questionnaire. Serum total testosterone was measured in subjects with positive ADAM score. Hypogonadism was defined as the presence of positive ADAM score and low serum total testosterone (<3 ng/mL). Clinical and biochemical variables were compared between T2DM subjects with and without hypogonadism. RESULTS: Hypogonadism was observed in 26.9% of the study subjects. Hypogonadal symptoms most frequently observed in patients with T2DM and hypogonadism were erectile dysfunction (96.4%), reduced libido (64.3%) and deterioration in work performance (53.6%). Group with T2DM and hypogonadism had higher (i) duration of T2DM (8.9 ± 5.03 vs. 4.8 ± 4.76 years; P = .001), (ii) frequency of diabetic retinopathy (58.3% vs. 27.3%; P = .008), (iii) frequency of diabetic neuropathy (42.9% vs. 19.7%; P = .024), (iv) proportion of subjects on insulin therapy (46.4% vs. 22.4%; P = .027), and (v) HbA1c (10.9 ± 2.63% vs. 9.3 ± 2.42%; P = .006), compared to group without hypogonadism. CONCLUSION: Hypogonadism was present in nearly one-fourth of the study subjects with T2DM. Compared to the subjects without hypogonadism, group with hypogonadism had longer duration of diabetes, higher HbA1c, greater frequencies of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic neuropathy, and more subjects on insulin therapy. Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2021 2021-12-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8793960/ /pubmed/35136739 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijem.ijem_239_21 Text en Copyright: © 2021 Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Gangwar, Saurabh K. Verma, Sanjiv K. Modi, Sagar Frequency and Correlates of Hypogonadism in Adult Males with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
title | Frequency and Correlates of Hypogonadism in Adult Males with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
title_full | Frequency and Correlates of Hypogonadism in Adult Males with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
title_fullStr | Frequency and Correlates of Hypogonadism in Adult Males with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
title_full_unstemmed | Frequency and Correlates of Hypogonadism in Adult Males with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
title_short | Frequency and Correlates of Hypogonadism in Adult Males with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
title_sort | frequency and correlates of hypogonadism in adult males with type 2 diabetes mellitus |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8793960/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35136739 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijem.ijem_239_21 |
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