Evolution of Middle Ear Modelling Techniques: A Review

This review article attempts to analyze the various research studies conducted in developing the models to evaluate the anatomy of the middle ear, its biomechanics, and the applications of these models in normal and diseased states. Various studies conducted over the past 50-60 years have been critically analyzed. We also discuss the various advantages and disadvantages of different methods of measurement of middle ear parameters. Beginning from anatomical modelling to histopathological sections and the latest three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction with finite element modelling, various methods of middle ear measurements have been critically analyzed. At the end of this review, we have concluded that the best and most effective method of middle ear modelling is the 3D reconstruction using high-resolution computed tomography and finite element modelling.