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Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Modulates Frontal and Temporal Time-Varying EEG Network in Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Pilot Study

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a highly prevalent yet poorly understood chronic mental disorder. Previous studies have associated GAD with excessive activation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). This study aimed to investigate the effect of low-frequency repetitive transcran...

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Autores principales: Song, Penghui, Tong, Han, Zhang, Luyan, Lin, Hua, Hu, Ningning, Zhao, Xin, Hao, Wensi, Xu, Peng, Wang, Yuping
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8795864/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35095597
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.779201
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author Song, Penghui
Tong, Han
Zhang, Luyan
Lin, Hua
Hu, Ningning
Zhao, Xin
Hao, Wensi
Xu, Peng
Wang, Yuping
author_facet Song, Penghui
Tong, Han
Zhang, Luyan
Lin, Hua
Hu, Ningning
Zhao, Xin
Hao, Wensi
Xu, Peng
Wang, Yuping
author_sort Song, Penghui
collection PubMed
description Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a highly prevalent yet poorly understood chronic mental disorder. Previous studies have associated GAD with excessive activation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). This study aimed to investigate the effect of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (repetitive TMS, rTMS) targeting the right DLPFC on clinical symptoms and TMS-evoked time-varying brain network connectivity in patients with GAD. Eleven patients with GAD received 1 Hz rTMS treatment targeting the right DLPFC for 10 days. The severity of the clinical symptoms was evaluated using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) at baseline, right after treatment, and at the one-month follow-up. Co-registration of single-pulse TMS (targeting the right DLPFC) and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) was performed pre- and post-treatment in these patients and 11 healthy controls. Time-varying brain network connectivity was analyzed using the adaptive directed transfer function. The scores of HAMA and HAMD significantly decreased after low-frequency rTMS treatment, and these improvements in ratings remained at the one-month follow-up. Analyses of the time-varying EEG network in the healthy controls showed a continuous weakened connection information outflow in the left frontal and mid-temporal regions. Compared with the healthy controls, the patients with GAD showed weakened connection information outflow in the left frontal pole and the posterior temporal pole at baseline. After 10-day rTMS treatment, the network patterns showed weakened connection information outflow in the left frontal and temporal regions. The time-varying EEG network changes induced by TMS perturbation targeting right DLPFC in patients with GAD were characterized by insufficient information outflow in the left frontal and temporal regions. Low-frequency rTMS targeting the right DLPFC reversed these abnormalities and improved the clinical symptoms of GAD.
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spelling pubmed-87958642022-01-29 Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Modulates Frontal and Temporal Time-Varying EEG Network in Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Pilot Study Song, Penghui Tong, Han Zhang, Luyan Lin, Hua Hu, Ningning Zhao, Xin Hao, Wensi Xu, Peng Wang, Yuping Front Psychiatry Psychiatry Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a highly prevalent yet poorly understood chronic mental disorder. Previous studies have associated GAD with excessive activation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). This study aimed to investigate the effect of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (repetitive TMS, rTMS) targeting the right DLPFC on clinical symptoms and TMS-evoked time-varying brain network connectivity in patients with GAD. Eleven patients with GAD received 1 Hz rTMS treatment targeting the right DLPFC for 10 days. The severity of the clinical symptoms was evaluated using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) at baseline, right after treatment, and at the one-month follow-up. Co-registration of single-pulse TMS (targeting the right DLPFC) and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) was performed pre- and post-treatment in these patients and 11 healthy controls. Time-varying brain network connectivity was analyzed using the adaptive directed transfer function. The scores of HAMA and HAMD significantly decreased after low-frequency rTMS treatment, and these improvements in ratings remained at the one-month follow-up. Analyses of the time-varying EEG network in the healthy controls showed a continuous weakened connection information outflow in the left frontal and mid-temporal regions. Compared with the healthy controls, the patients with GAD showed weakened connection information outflow in the left frontal pole and the posterior temporal pole at baseline. After 10-day rTMS treatment, the network patterns showed weakened connection information outflow in the left frontal and temporal regions. The time-varying EEG network changes induced by TMS perturbation targeting right DLPFC in patients with GAD were characterized by insufficient information outflow in the left frontal and temporal regions. Low-frequency rTMS targeting the right DLPFC reversed these abnormalities and improved the clinical symptoms of GAD. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-01-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8795864/ /pubmed/35095597 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.779201 Text en Copyright © 2022 Song, Tong, Zhang, Lin, Hu, Zhao, Hao, Xu and Wang. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychiatry
Song, Penghui
Tong, Han
Zhang, Luyan
Lin, Hua
Hu, Ningning
Zhao, Xin
Hao, Wensi
Xu, Peng
Wang, Yuping
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Modulates Frontal and Temporal Time-Varying EEG Network in Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Pilot Study
title Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Modulates Frontal and Temporal Time-Varying EEG Network in Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Pilot Study
title_full Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Modulates Frontal and Temporal Time-Varying EEG Network in Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Pilot Study
title_fullStr Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Modulates Frontal and Temporal Time-Varying EEG Network in Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Pilot Study
title_full_unstemmed Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Modulates Frontal and Temporal Time-Varying EEG Network in Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Pilot Study
title_short Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Modulates Frontal and Temporal Time-Varying EEG Network in Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Pilot Study
title_sort repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation modulates frontal and temporal time-varying eeg network in generalized anxiety disorder: a pilot study
topic Psychiatry
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8795864/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35095597
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.779201
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