What is the Potential Cause for the Predominance of GII.2[P16] Norovirus in Acute Gastroenteritis Outbreaks in China?

GII.2[P16] noroviruses (NoV) reemerged and rapidly became the main epidemic strain in acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks in Asian countries since 2016. The current GII.2 [P16] NoV showed the same antigenicity to the ones before 2016, but several unique amino acid substitutions existed in the RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and other non-structural proteins, and the viral load of the current GII.2[P16] NoV was higher than those of other genotypes, it was estimated that the viral replication ability may have improved. However, other genotypes, such as GII.1 and GII.3, also had recombination with the novel RdRp, were not prevalent in AGE-outbreaks; thus, it was inferred that the capsid proteins also played an important role in the enhanced replication process. The viral infection could also be affected by other factors, such as the population genetic background, the climate and environment, and people’s lifestyles. Continued surveillance on genetic diversity and evolutionary pattern for the GII.2[P16] NoV is necessary.