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Mapping and population size estimates of people who inject drugs in Afghanistan in 2019: Synthesis of multiple methods

INTRODUCTION: Mapping and population size estimates of people who inject drugs (PWID) provide information needed for monitoring coverage of programs and planning interventions. The objectives of this study were to provide the locations and numbers of PWID in eight cities in Afghanistan and extrapola...

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Autores principales: Rasheed, Abdul, Sharifi, Hamid, Wesson, Paul, Pashtoon, Sayed Jalal, Tavakoli, Fatemeh, Ghalekhani, Nima, Haghdoost, Ali Akbar, Atarud, Alim, Banehsi, Mohammad Reza, Hamdard, Naqibullah, Sadaat, Said Iftekhar, McFarland, Willi, Mirzazadeh, Ali
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8797259/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35089934
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262405
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author Rasheed, Abdul
Sharifi, Hamid
Wesson, Paul
Pashtoon, Sayed Jalal
Tavakoli, Fatemeh
Ghalekhani, Nima
Haghdoost, Ali Akbar
Atarud, Alim
Banehsi, Mohammad Reza
Hamdard, Naqibullah
Sadaat, Said Iftekhar
McFarland, Willi
Mirzazadeh, Ali
author_facet Rasheed, Abdul
Sharifi, Hamid
Wesson, Paul
Pashtoon, Sayed Jalal
Tavakoli, Fatemeh
Ghalekhani, Nima
Haghdoost, Ali Akbar
Atarud, Alim
Banehsi, Mohammad Reza
Hamdard, Naqibullah
Sadaat, Said Iftekhar
McFarland, Willi
Mirzazadeh, Ali
author_sort Rasheed, Abdul
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: Mapping and population size estimates of people who inject drugs (PWID) provide information needed for monitoring coverage of programs and planning interventions. The objectives of this study were to provide the locations and numbers of PWID in eight cities in Afghanistan and extrapolate estimates for the country as a whole. METHODS: Multiple population size estimation methods were used, including key informant interviews for mapping and enumeration with reverse tracking, unique object and service multipliers, capture-recapture, and wisdom of the crowds. The results of the several methods were synthesized using the Anchored Multiplier–a Bayesian approach to produce point estimates and 95% credible intervals (CI). Using the prevalence of PWID in the eight cities and their correlation with proxy indicators, we extrapolated the PWID population size for all of Afghanistan. RESULTS: Key informants and field mapping identified 374 hotspots across the eight cities from December 29, 2018 to March 20, 2019. Synthesizing results of the multiple methods, the number of male PWID in the eight study cities was estimated to be 11,506 (95% CI 8,449–15,093), corresponding to 0.69% (95% CI 0.50–0.90) of the adult male population age 15–64 years. The total number of women who injected drugs was estimated at 484 (95% CI 356–633), corresponding to 0.03% (95% CI 0.02–0.04) of the adult female population. Extrapolating by proxy indicators, the total number of PWID in Afghanistan was estimated to be 54,782 (95% CI 40,250–71,837), men and 2,457 (95% CI 1,823–3,210) women. The total number of PWID in Afghanistan was estimated to be 57,207 (95% CI 42,049–75,005), which corresponds to 0.37% (95% CI 0.27–0.48) of the adult population age 15 to 64 years. DISCUSSION: This study provided estimates for the number of PWID in Afghanistan. These estimates can be used for advocating and planning services for this vulnerable at-risk population.
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spelling pubmed-87972592022-01-29 Mapping and population size estimates of people who inject drugs in Afghanistan in 2019: Synthesis of multiple methods Rasheed, Abdul Sharifi, Hamid Wesson, Paul Pashtoon, Sayed Jalal Tavakoli, Fatemeh Ghalekhani, Nima Haghdoost, Ali Akbar Atarud, Alim Banehsi, Mohammad Reza Hamdard, Naqibullah Sadaat, Said Iftekhar McFarland, Willi Mirzazadeh, Ali PLoS One Research Article INTRODUCTION: Mapping and population size estimates of people who inject drugs (PWID) provide information needed for monitoring coverage of programs and planning interventions. The objectives of this study were to provide the locations and numbers of PWID in eight cities in Afghanistan and extrapolate estimates for the country as a whole. METHODS: Multiple population size estimation methods were used, including key informant interviews for mapping and enumeration with reverse tracking, unique object and service multipliers, capture-recapture, and wisdom of the crowds. The results of the several methods were synthesized using the Anchored Multiplier–a Bayesian approach to produce point estimates and 95% credible intervals (CI). Using the prevalence of PWID in the eight cities and their correlation with proxy indicators, we extrapolated the PWID population size for all of Afghanistan. RESULTS: Key informants and field mapping identified 374 hotspots across the eight cities from December 29, 2018 to March 20, 2019. Synthesizing results of the multiple methods, the number of male PWID in the eight study cities was estimated to be 11,506 (95% CI 8,449–15,093), corresponding to 0.69% (95% CI 0.50–0.90) of the adult male population age 15–64 years. The total number of women who injected drugs was estimated at 484 (95% CI 356–633), corresponding to 0.03% (95% CI 0.02–0.04) of the adult female population. Extrapolating by proxy indicators, the total number of PWID in Afghanistan was estimated to be 54,782 (95% CI 40,250–71,837), men and 2,457 (95% CI 1,823–3,210) women. The total number of PWID in Afghanistan was estimated to be 57,207 (95% CI 42,049–75,005), which corresponds to 0.37% (95% CI 0.27–0.48) of the adult population age 15 to 64 years. DISCUSSION: This study provided estimates for the number of PWID in Afghanistan. These estimates can be used for advocating and planning services for this vulnerable at-risk population. Public Library of Science 2022-01-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8797259/ /pubmed/35089934 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262405 Text en © 2022 Rasheed et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Rasheed, Abdul
Sharifi, Hamid
Wesson, Paul
Pashtoon, Sayed Jalal
Tavakoli, Fatemeh
Ghalekhani, Nima
Haghdoost, Ali Akbar
Atarud, Alim
Banehsi, Mohammad Reza
Hamdard, Naqibullah
Sadaat, Said Iftekhar
McFarland, Willi
Mirzazadeh, Ali
Mapping and population size estimates of people who inject drugs in Afghanistan in 2019: Synthesis of multiple methods
title Mapping and population size estimates of people who inject drugs in Afghanistan in 2019: Synthesis of multiple methods
title_full Mapping and population size estimates of people who inject drugs in Afghanistan in 2019: Synthesis of multiple methods
title_fullStr Mapping and population size estimates of people who inject drugs in Afghanistan in 2019: Synthesis of multiple methods
title_full_unstemmed Mapping and population size estimates of people who inject drugs in Afghanistan in 2019: Synthesis of multiple methods
title_short Mapping and population size estimates of people who inject drugs in Afghanistan in 2019: Synthesis of multiple methods
title_sort mapping and population size estimates of people who inject drugs in afghanistan in 2019: synthesis of multiple methods
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8797259/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35089934
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262405
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