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Placebo-controlled trial of oral amantadine and zolpidem efficacy on the outcome of patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury and diffuse axonal injury
BACKGROUND: A constituent of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is supposed to be present in about 1/3 of all severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) as specified by pathologic documents. Diffuse axonal injury is categorized by extensive injury to axons in the brain. A rise in the incidences of TBI, and the li...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Babol University of Medical Sciences
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8797827/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35178216 http://dx.doi.org/10.22088/cjim.13.1.113 |
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author | Shafiee, Sajad Ehteshami, Saeed Moosazadeh, Mahmood Aghapour, Saeed Haddadi, Kaveh |
author_facet | Shafiee, Sajad Ehteshami, Saeed Moosazadeh, Mahmood Aghapour, Saeed Haddadi, Kaveh |
author_sort | Shafiee, Sajad |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: A constituent of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is supposed to be present in about 1/3 of all severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) as specified by pathologic documents. Diffuse axonal injury is categorized by extensive injury to axons in the brain. A rise in the incidences of TBI, and the limited study to verified effect of drugs like amantadine and zolpidem in improving the consciousness levels of patients with acute traumatic brain injury with axonal injury enthused us to initiate this study in the acute TBI patients. METHODS: In our randomized, controlled trial involving patients with acute severe TBI, we studied 66 patients in 3 groups. Group 1 (n=22) received oral amantadine, Group 2 (n=22) received oral zolpidem, whereas group 3 (n=22) received placebo, the first 8 days after injury respectively. The primary outcome measures included GCS (Glashow coma scale) through the initial admission, a complete medical history was recorded, and each patient had a meticulous physical and neurological investigation. RESULTS: We found that the administration of amantadine in an acute phase after injury improved the rate of patients GCS and GOS (Glasgow Outcome Scale) compared with zolpidem and placebo groups, but without any significant statistical difference. CONCLUSION: Our results has emphasized that because amantadine has intense biochemical effects on several ways, it appears to be beneficial in acute period after DAI-associated TBI. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8797827 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Babol University of Medical Sciences |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87978272022-02-16 Placebo-controlled trial of oral amantadine and zolpidem efficacy on the outcome of patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury and diffuse axonal injury Shafiee, Sajad Ehteshami, Saeed Moosazadeh, Mahmood Aghapour, Saeed Haddadi, Kaveh Caspian J Intern Med Original Article BACKGROUND: A constituent of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is supposed to be present in about 1/3 of all severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) as specified by pathologic documents. Diffuse axonal injury is categorized by extensive injury to axons in the brain. A rise in the incidences of TBI, and the limited study to verified effect of drugs like amantadine and zolpidem in improving the consciousness levels of patients with acute traumatic brain injury with axonal injury enthused us to initiate this study in the acute TBI patients. METHODS: In our randomized, controlled trial involving patients with acute severe TBI, we studied 66 patients in 3 groups. Group 1 (n=22) received oral amantadine, Group 2 (n=22) received oral zolpidem, whereas group 3 (n=22) received placebo, the first 8 days after injury respectively. The primary outcome measures included GCS (Glashow coma scale) through the initial admission, a complete medical history was recorded, and each patient had a meticulous physical and neurological investigation. RESULTS: We found that the administration of amantadine in an acute phase after injury improved the rate of patients GCS and GOS (Glasgow Outcome Scale) compared with zolpidem and placebo groups, but without any significant statistical difference. CONCLUSION: Our results has emphasized that because amantadine has intense biochemical effects on several ways, it appears to be beneficial in acute period after DAI-associated TBI. Babol University of Medical Sciences 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC8797827/ /pubmed/35178216 http://dx.doi.org/10.22088/cjim.13.1.113 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) ) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Shafiee, Sajad Ehteshami, Saeed Moosazadeh, Mahmood Aghapour, Saeed Haddadi, Kaveh Placebo-controlled trial of oral amantadine and zolpidem efficacy on the outcome of patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury and diffuse axonal injury |
title | Placebo-controlled trial of oral amantadine and zolpidem efficacy on the outcome of patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury and diffuse axonal injury |
title_full | Placebo-controlled trial of oral amantadine and zolpidem efficacy on the outcome of patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury and diffuse axonal injury |
title_fullStr | Placebo-controlled trial of oral amantadine and zolpidem efficacy on the outcome of patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury and diffuse axonal injury |
title_full_unstemmed | Placebo-controlled trial of oral amantadine and zolpidem efficacy on the outcome of patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury and diffuse axonal injury |
title_short | Placebo-controlled trial of oral amantadine and zolpidem efficacy on the outcome of patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury and diffuse axonal injury |
title_sort | placebo-controlled trial of oral amantadine and zolpidem efficacy on the outcome of patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury and diffuse axonal injury |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8797827/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35178216 http://dx.doi.org/10.22088/cjim.13.1.113 |
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