Quantitative accuracy of radiomic features of low-dose (18)F-FDG PET imaging

BACKGROUND: (18)F-FDG PET based radiomics is promising for precision oncology imaging. This work aims to explore quantitative accuracies of radiomic features (RFs) for low-dose (18)F-FDG PET imaging. METHODS: Twenty lung cancer patients were prospectively enrolled and underwent (18)F-FDG PET/CT scans. Low-dose PET situations (true counts: 20×10(6), 15×10(6), 10×10(6), 7.5×10(6), 5×10(6), 2×10(6), 1×10(6), 0.5×10(6), 0.25×10(6)) were simulated by randomly discarding counts from the acquired list-mode data. Each PET image was created using the scanner default reconstruction parameters. Each lesion volume of interest (VOI) was obtained via an adaptive contouring method with a threshold of 50% peak standardized uptake value (SUVpeak) in the PET images with full count data and VOIs were copied to the PET images at the reduced count level. Conventional SUV measures, features calculated from first-order statistics (FOS) and texture features (TFs) were calculated. Texture based RF include features calculated from gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), gray-level run length matrix (GLRLM), gray-level size zone matrix (GLSZM), neighboring gray-level dependence matrix (NGLDM) and neighbor gray-tone difference matrix (NGTDM). Bias percentage (BP) at different count levels for each RF was calculated. RESULTS: Fifty-seven lesions with a volume greater than 1.5 cm(3) were found (mean volume, 25.7 cm(3), volume range, 1.5–245.4 cm(3)). In comparison with normal total counts, mean SUV (SUVmean) in the lesions, normal lungs and livers, Entropy and sum entropy from GLCM, busyness from NGTDM and run-length non-uniformity from GLRLM were the most robust features, with a BP of 5% at the count level of 1×10(6) (equivalent to an effective dose of 0.04 mSv) RF including cluster shade from GLCM, long-run low grey-level emphasis, high grey-level run emphasis and short-run low grey-level emphasis from GLRM exhibited the worst performance with 50% of bias with 20×10(6) counts (equivalent to an effective dose of 0.8 mSv). CONCLUSIONS: In terms of the lesions included in this study, SUVmean, entropy and sum entropy from GLCM, busyness from NGTDM and run-length non-uniformity from GLRLM were the least sensitive features to lowering count.