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COVID-19 and Preeclampsia: Overlapping Features in Pregnancy

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global respiratory disease with unique features that have placed all medical professionals in an alarming situation. Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy affecting 8%–10% of India’s pregnant population. Assuming that severe acute respiratory s...

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Autores principales: Sathiya, Ramasamy, Rajendran, Jayanthi, Sumathi, Saravanan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Rambam Health Care Campus 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8798587/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35089126
http://dx.doi.org/10.5041/RMMJ.10464
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author Sathiya, Ramasamy
Rajendran, Jayanthi
Sumathi, Saravanan
author_facet Sathiya, Ramasamy
Rajendran, Jayanthi
Sumathi, Saravanan
author_sort Sathiya, Ramasamy
collection PubMed
description Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global respiratory disease with unique features that have placed all medical professionals in an alarming situation. Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy affecting 8%–10% of India’s pregnant population. Assuming that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters host cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, the resulting symptoms are due to vasoconstriction, caused by disturbances in the renin–angiotensin system (RAS). Other features of preeclampsia include endothelial dysfunction due to placental ischemia, leading to imbalances in angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors which result in increased blood pressure, proteinuria, altered hepatic enzymes, renal failure, and thrombocytopenia, amongst others. The increased prevalence of preeclampsia that was seen among mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection might be due to misdiagnosis, as COVID-19 and preeclampsia have coincidental medical features. The major similarities of SARS-CoV-2-infected and preeclamptic women are a rise in pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increased serum ferritin and thrombocytopenia. Therefore, differential diagnosis might be difficult in pregnant women with COVID-19 who present with hypertension and proteinuria, thrombocytopenia, or elevated liver enzymes. The most promising markers for earlier diagnosis of preeclampsia is soluble endoglin (sEng), pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), and placental growth factor (PlGF). Due to placental hypoxia, sFlt-1 will be overproduced, thus inhibiting PlGF, and this alteration will be observed in the circulation five weeks or more before the onset of symptoms. The sFlt-1/PlGF ratio may also be modified via infectious states, but unregulated levels of those mediators are related to placental insufficiency. Hence, pregnant women with COVID-19 may develop a preeclampsia-like syndrome that might be differentiated properly by angiogenic markers to avoid unnecessary interventions and induced preterm labor.
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spelling pubmed-87985872022-01-29 COVID-19 and Preeclampsia: Overlapping Features in Pregnancy Sathiya, Ramasamy Rajendran, Jayanthi Sumathi, Saravanan Rambam Maimonides Med J Review Article Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global respiratory disease with unique features that have placed all medical professionals in an alarming situation. Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy affecting 8%–10% of India’s pregnant population. Assuming that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters host cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, the resulting symptoms are due to vasoconstriction, caused by disturbances in the renin–angiotensin system (RAS). Other features of preeclampsia include endothelial dysfunction due to placental ischemia, leading to imbalances in angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors which result in increased blood pressure, proteinuria, altered hepatic enzymes, renal failure, and thrombocytopenia, amongst others. The increased prevalence of preeclampsia that was seen among mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection might be due to misdiagnosis, as COVID-19 and preeclampsia have coincidental medical features. The major similarities of SARS-CoV-2-infected and preeclamptic women are a rise in pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increased serum ferritin and thrombocytopenia. Therefore, differential diagnosis might be difficult in pregnant women with COVID-19 who present with hypertension and proteinuria, thrombocytopenia, or elevated liver enzymes. The most promising markers for earlier diagnosis of preeclampsia is soluble endoglin (sEng), pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), and placental growth factor (PlGF). Due to placental hypoxia, sFlt-1 will be overproduced, thus inhibiting PlGF, and this alteration will be observed in the circulation five weeks or more before the onset of symptoms. The sFlt-1/PlGF ratio may also be modified via infectious states, but unregulated levels of those mediators are related to placental insufficiency. Hence, pregnant women with COVID-19 may develop a preeclampsia-like syndrome that might be differentiated properly by angiogenic markers to avoid unnecessary interventions and induced preterm labor. Rambam Health Care Campus 2022-01-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8798587/ /pubmed/35089126 http://dx.doi.org/10.5041/RMMJ.10464 Text en © 2022 Sathiya et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open-access article. All its content, except where otherwise noted, is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Sathiya, Ramasamy
Rajendran, Jayanthi
Sumathi, Saravanan
COVID-19 and Preeclampsia: Overlapping Features in Pregnancy
title COVID-19 and Preeclampsia: Overlapping Features in Pregnancy
title_full COVID-19 and Preeclampsia: Overlapping Features in Pregnancy
title_fullStr COVID-19 and Preeclampsia: Overlapping Features in Pregnancy
title_full_unstemmed COVID-19 and Preeclampsia: Overlapping Features in Pregnancy
title_short COVID-19 and Preeclampsia: Overlapping Features in Pregnancy
title_sort covid-19 and preeclampsia: overlapping features in pregnancy
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8798587/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35089126
http://dx.doi.org/10.5041/RMMJ.10464
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