Comparative analyses of IgG/IgA neutralizing effects induced by three COVID-19 vaccines against variants of concern

BACKGROUND: Few studies have directly compared virus-specific antibodies and their neutralizing capacity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) wild type (WT) and circulating variants of concern despite the reported high efficacy of messenger RNA (mRNA)- and vector-base...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Lafon, Eliott, Jäger, Michael, Bauer, Angelika, Reindl, Markus, Bellmann-Weiler, Rosa, Wilflingseder, Doris, Lass-Flörl, Cornelia, Posch, Wilfried
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. 2022
Materias:
Covid-19
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8799473/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35093484
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2022.01.013
Descripción
Sumario:BACKGROUND: Few studies have directly compared virus-specific antibodies and their neutralizing capacity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) wild type (WT) and circulating variants of concern despite the reported high efficacy of messenger RNA (mRNA)- and vector-based vaccines. OBJECTIVE: We assessed SARS-CoV-2 spike protein region 1 (S1)-specific antibodies of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and ChAdOx1 vaccinated as well as convalescent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. We also determined the neutralization ability against SARS-CoV-2 WT and B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B1.1.7 E484K (Alpha-E484K), B.1.351 (Beta), and B.1.617.2 (Delta) variants. METHODS: Serum samples of 107 fully vaccinated or convalescent individuals were analyzed for anti–SARS-CoV-2-S1 IgG and IgA as well as for total anti–SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain Ig. Furthermore, neutralization capacity as 50% and 90% neutralization titer values against SARS-CoV-2 WT virus and circulating variants were determined. RESULTS: We observed a robust IgG response in all participants; however, the highest titers were detected in mRNA-based vaccine recipients. In case of serum IgA responses, the difference between mRNA- and vector-based vaccines or convalescent patients was even more pronounced. Interestingly, all 3 vaccines could neutralize all tested variants of concern in addition to WT virus, but in some individuals, only low or no neutralization, especially against Alpha-E484K and the Delta variant, was detected. CONCLUSION: Our study of the efficacy of various COVID-19 vaccines found that mRNA-1273 had the highest neutralization abilities compared to BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1. COVID-19 convalescent patients demonstrated the most heterogeneous range of antibody titers and neutralization abilities, making it hard to assess protection. Furthermore, a significant positive relation between antibodies and the 50% neutralization titer values for immunized and convalescent individuals was determined.

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