Fingerprint-based robust medical image watermarking in hybrid transform

To protect the medical images integrity, digital watermark is embedded into the medical images. A non-blind medical image watermarking scheme based on hybrid transform is propounded. In this paper, fingerprint of the patient is used as watermark for better authentication, identifying the original medical image and privacy of the patients. In this scheme, lifting wavelet transform (LWT) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) are utilized for amplifying the watermarking algorithm. The scaling and embedding factors are calculated adaptively with the help of Local Binary Pattern values of the host medical image to achieve better imperceptibility and robustness for medical images and fingerprint watermark, respectively. Two-level decomposition is done where for the first level LWT is utilized and for the second level decomposition DWT is utilized. At the extraction side, non-blind recovery of fingerprint watermark is performed which is similar to the embedding process. The propounded design is implemented on various medical images like Chest X-ray, CT scan and so on. The propounded design provides better imperceptibility and robustness with the combination of LWT–DWT. The result analysis proves that the proposed fingerprint watermarking scheme has attained best results in terms of robustness and authentication with different medical image attacks. Peak Signal to Noise Ratio and Normalized Correlation Coefficient metrics are used for evaluating the proposed scheme. Furthermore, superior results are obtained when compared to related medical image watermarking schemes.