[(18)F]FDG uptake in axillary lymph nodes and deltoid muscle after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination: a cohort study to determine incidence and contributing factors using a multivariate analysis

PURPOSE: Reactive FDG uptake in the axillary lymph nodes (ALN) and deltoid muscle (DM) after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination has been recognized, although the actual situation in the Japanese population remains unknown. To determine the incidence of reactive FDG uptake and its contributing factors, we ret...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Kubota, Kazuo, Saginoya, Toshiyuki, Ishiwata, Kiichi, Nakasato, Tatsuhiko, Munechika, Hirotsugu
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Singapore 2022
Materias:
Original Article
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8801267/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35098436
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12149-021-01711-7
Descripción
Sumario:PURPOSE: Reactive FDG uptake in the axillary lymph nodes (ALN) and deltoid muscle (DM) after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination has been recognized, although the actual situation in the Japanese population remains unknown. To determine the incidence of reactive FDG uptake and its contributing factors, we retrospectively studied a cohort of subjects who were vaccinated at our hospital. METHODS: Whole-body FDG-PET/CT examinations performed in 237 subjects out of 240 subjects with a definite history of COVID-19 vaccination (BNT162b2; BioNTech-Pfizer) were analyzed. Positivity and SUVmax of FDG uptake in the ALN and DM ipsilateral to vaccination, various subject characteristics, and the grade of the pathological FDG-PET/CT findings were evaluated using a multivariate analysis. RESULTS: FDG uptake in the ALN and DM ipsilateral to vaccination was seen in about 60% of the subjects even soon (0–4 days) after the first vaccination, with percentages reaching 87.5% and 75.0%, respectively, after the second vaccination. DM uptake had almost disappeared at around 2 weeks, while ALN uptake persisted for 3 weeks or longer. A multivariate analysis showed that a short duration since vaccination, a younger age, a female sex, and a low FDG-PET/CT grade (minimal pathological FDG uptake) contributed significantly to positive ALN uptake, while a short duration since vaccination and a female sex were the only significant contributors to positive DM uptake. This study is the first to identify factors contributing to positive FDG uptake in ALN and DM after COVID-19 vaccination. CONCLUSION: A high incidence of FDG uptake in ALN and DM was observed after vaccination. ALN uptake seemed to be associated with a younger age, a female sex, and minimal pathological FDG uptake. After vaccination, an acute inflammatory reaction in DM followed by immune reaction in ALN linked to humoral immunity may be speculated.

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