Self-Assembled Lanthanide Antenna Glutathione Sensor for the Study of Immune Cells

[Image: see text] The small molecule 8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,2,4,5-tetrahydrocyclopenta[de]quinoline-3-carboxylic acid (2b) behaves as a reactive non-fluorescent Michael acceptor, which after reaction with thiols becomes fluorescent, and an efficient Eu(3+) antenna, after self-assembling with this cation in water. This behavior makes 2b a highly selective GSH biosensor, which has demonstrated high potential for studies in murine and human cells of the immune system (CD4(+) T, CD8(+) T, and B cells) using flow cytometry. GSH can be monitored by the fluorescence of the product of addition to 2b (445 nm) or by the luminescence of Eu(3+) (592 nm). 2b was able to capture baseline differences in GSH intracellular levels among murine and human CD4(+) T, CD8(+) T, and B cells. We also successfully used 2b to monitor intracellular changes in GSH associated with the metabolic variations governing the induction of CD4(+) naïve T cells into regulatory T cells (T(REG)).