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Heme in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Ubiquitous Dangerous Molecule Worthy of Vigilance

Heme, the protoporphyrin IX iron complex is widely present in the human body and it is involved in oxygen storage, electron transfer, and enzymatic reactions. However, free heme can be toxic as it catalyzes the production of reactive oxygen species, oxidizes lipids and proteins, and causes DNA damag...

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Autores principales: Guo, Yuyang, Zhao, Hengli, Lin, Zhibin, Ye, Taochun, Xu, Dingli, Zeng, Qingchun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8807526/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35127704
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.781839
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author Guo, Yuyang
Zhao, Hengli
Lin, Zhibin
Ye, Taochun
Xu, Dingli
Zeng, Qingchun
author_facet Guo, Yuyang
Zhao, Hengli
Lin, Zhibin
Ye, Taochun
Xu, Dingli
Zeng, Qingchun
author_sort Guo, Yuyang
collection PubMed
description Heme, the protoporphyrin IX iron complex is widely present in the human body and it is involved in oxygen storage, electron transfer, and enzymatic reactions. However, free heme can be toxic as it catalyzes the production of reactive oxygen species, oxidizes lipids and proteins, and causes DNA damage, thereby inducing a pro-inflammatory environment. The generation, metabolism, and degradation of heme in the human body are regulated by precise mechanisms to ensure that heme remains non-toxic. However, in several types of cardiovascular diseases, impaired metabolism and exposure to heme may occur in pathological processes, including neovascularization, internal hemorrhage, ischemia, and reperfusion. Based on years of research, in this review, we aimed to summarize the underlying mechanisms by which heme contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases through oxidative stress, relative pathway gene expression regulation and phenotypic changes in cells. Excess heme plays a detrimental role in atherosclerosis, heart failure, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, degenerative aortic valve stenosis, cardiac iron overload. Recent researches revealed that in some cases heme involved in cardiac damage though ferroptosis. Thus, heme concentrations beyond normal levels are dangerous. Further research on the role of heme in cardiovascular diseases is needed.
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spelling pubmed-88075262022-02-03 Heme in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Ubiquitous Dangerous Molecule Worthy of Vigilance Guo, Yuyang Zhao, Hengli Lin, Zhibin Ye, Taochun Xu, Dingli Zeng, Qingchun Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology Heme, the protoporphyrin IX iron complex is widely present in the human body and it is involved in oxygen storage, electron transfer, and enzymatic reactions. However, free heme can be toxic as it catalyzes the production of reactive oxygen species, oxidizes lipids and proteins, and causes DNA damage, thereby inducing a pro-inflammatory environment. The generation, metabolism, and degradation of heme in the human body are regulated by precise mechanisms to ensure that heme remains non-toxic. However, in several types of cardiovascular diseases, impaired metabolism and exposure to heme may occur in pathological processes, including neovascularization, internal hemorrhage, ischemia, and reperfusion. Based on years of research, in this review, we aimed to summarize the underlying mechanisms by which heme contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases through oxidative stress, relative pathway gene expression regulation and phenotypic changes in cells. Excess heme plays a detrimental role in atherosclerosis, heart failure, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, degenerative aortic valve stenosis, cardiac iron overload. Recent researches revealed that in some cases heme involved in cardiac damage though ferroptosis. Thus, heme concentrations beyond normal levels are dangerous. Further research on the role of heme in cardiovascular diseases is needed. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-01-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8807526/ /pubmed/35127704 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.781839 Text en Copyright © 2022 Guo, Zhao, Lin, Ye, Xu and Zeng. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cell and Developmental Biology
Guo, Yuyang
Zhao, Hengli
Lin, Zhibin
Ye, Taochun
Xu, Dingli
Zeng, Qingchun
Heme in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Ubiquitous Dangerous Molecule Worthy of Vigilance
title Heme in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Ubiquitous Dangerous Molecule Worthy of Vigilance
title_full Heme in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Ubiquitous Dangerous Molecule Worthy of Vigilance
title_fullStr Heme in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Ubiquitous Dangerous Molecule Worthy of Vigilance
title_full_unstemmed Heme in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Ubiquitous Dangerous Molecule Worthy of Vigilance
title_short Heme in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Ubiquitous Dangerous Molecule Worthy of Vigilance
title_sort heme in cardiovascular diseases: a ubiquitous dangerous molecule worthy of vigilance
topic Cell and Developmental Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8807526/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35127704
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.781839
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