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The Qingchangligan Formula Alleviates Acute Liver Failure by Regulating Galactose Metabolism and Gut Microbiota
The Qingchangligan formula (QCLGF) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has significant clinical potential for patients with acute liver failure (ALF). However, the experimental evidence of the effect of QCLGF on ALF and the associated mechanisms remain elusive. We aimed to evaluate the function o...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8807683/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35127552 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.771483 |
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author | Yin, Ruiying Liu, Shuhui Jiang, Xuejiao Zhang, Xiangying Wei, Feili Hu, Jianhua |
author_facet | Yin, Ruiying Liu, Shuhui Jiang, Xuejiao Zhang, Xiangying Wei, Feili Hu, Jianhua |
author_sort | Yin, Ruiying |
collection | PubMed |
description | The Qingchangligan formula (QCLGF) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has significant clinical potential for patients with acute liver failure (ALF). However, the experimental evidence of the effect of QCLGF on ALF and the associated mechanisms remain elusive. We aimed to evaluate the function of QCLGF in ALF and the underlying mechanism. ALF was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of D-GalN (1100 mg/kg). The Qingchangligan formula was administered to the rats (6.725 g/kg · d) for 5 days, and the model group and the control group were given the same amount of physiological saline. Then 16S rRNA gene sequencing, high performance gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and RNA-seq analysis were performed on the samples. The levels of ALT and AST in the ALF rats were abnormal (5322.08 ± 566.27 U/L and 7655.95 ± 1238.08 U/L, respectively) compared with the normal control (98.98 ± 6.90 U/L and 99.63 ± 10.94 U/L, respectively). The levels of ALT and AST in the QCLGF rats (2997.67 ± 469.24 U/L and 4158.40 ± 596.07 U/L, respectively) were closer the normal control group. Liver HE staining showed that the degree of liver damage in the QCLGF rats was lighter than that in the ALF rats. The overall structure of the gut microbiota after ALF was significantly altered, including Proteobacteria, Blautia, Romboutsia, Parabacteroides, UCG-008, Parasutterella, Ruminococcus, norank_f:Lachnospiraceae, the Eubacterium_xylanophilum_group, Oscillibacter, and Eisenbergiella. QCLGF balanced the structure and abundance of intestinal flora. The levels of D(+)galactose, isopropyl beta-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside and D-mannitol were lighter in the plasma of the ALF rats than in the normal control rats, but there were significantly elevated levels of those metabolites in the QCLGF rats. The gene expression changed significantly in the ALF rats. QCLGF regulated the expression of THBS1 and the KEGG pathways of carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, signal transduction, the immune system, and infectious disease: bacterial. QCLGF may alleviating intestinal flora disorder, regulating galactose metabolism and downregulating the expression of THBS1 to alleviate D-GalN induced acute liver failure. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8807683 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88076832022-02-03 The Qingchangligan Formula Alleviates Acute Liver Failure by Regulating Galactose Metabolism and Gut Microbiota Yin, Ruiying Liu, Shuhui Jiang, Xuejiao Zhang, Xiangying Wei, Feili Hu, Jianhua Front Cell Infect Microbiol Cellular and Infection Microbiology The Qingchangligan formula (QCLGF) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has significant clinical potential for patients with acute liver failure (ALF). However, the experimental evidence of the effect of QCLGF on ALF and the associated mechanisms remain elusive. We aimed to evaluate the function of QCLGF in ALF and the underlying mechanism. ALF was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of D-GalN (1100 mg/kg). The Qingchangligan formula was administered to the rats (6.725 g/kg · d) for 5 days, and the model group and the control group were given the same amount of physiological saline. Then 16S rRNA gene sequencing, high performance gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and RNA-seq analysis were performed on the samples. The levels of ALT and AST in the ALF rats were abnormal (5322.08 ± 566.27 U/L and 7655.95 ± 1238.08 U/L, respectively) compared with the normal control (98.98 ± 6.90 U/L and 99.63 ± 10.94 U/L, respectively). The levels of ALT and AST in the QCLGF rats (2997.67 ± 469.24 U/L and 4158.40 ± 596.07 U/L, respectively) were closer the normal control group. Liver HE staining showed that the degree of liver damage in the QCLGF rats was lighter than that in the ALF rats. The overall structure of the gut microbiota after ALF was significantly altered, including Proteobacteria, Blautia, Romboutsia, Parabacteroides, UCG-008, Parasutterella, Ruminococcus, norank_f:Lachnospiraceae, the Eubacterium_xylanophilum_group, Oscillibacter, and Eisenbergiella. QCLGF balanced the structure and abundance of intestinal flora. The levels of D(+)galactose, isopropyl beta-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside and D-mannitol were lighter in the plasma of the ALF rats than in the normal control rats, but there were significantly elevated levels of those metabolites in the QCLGF rats. The gene expression changed significantly in the ALF rats. QCLGF regulated the expression of THBS1 and the KEGG pathways of carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, signal transduction, the immune system, and infectious disease: bacterial. QCLGF may alleviating intestinal flora disorder, regulating galactose metabolism and downregulating the expression of THBS1 to alleviate D-GalN induced acute liver failure. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-01-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8807683/ /pubmed/35127552 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.771483 Text en Copyright © 2022 Yin, Liu, Jiang, Zhang, Wei and Hu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Cellular and Infection Microbiology Yin, Ruiying Liu, Shuhui Jiang, Xuejiao Zhang, Xiangying Wei, Feili Hu, Jianhua The Qingchangligan Formula Alleviates Acute Liver Failure by Regulating Galactose Metabolism and Gut Microbiota |
title | The Qingchangligan Formula Alleviates Acute Liver Failure by Regulating Galactose Metabolism and Gut Microbiota |
title_full | The Qingchangligan Formula Alleviates Acute Liver Failure by Regulating Galactose Metabolism and Gut Microbiota |
title_fullStr | The Qingchangligan Formula Alleviates Acute Liver Failure by Regulating Galactose Metabolism and Gut Microbiota |
title_full_unstemmed | The Qingchangligan Formula Alleviates Acute Liver Failure by Regulating Galactose Metabolism and Gut Microbiota |
title_short | The Qingchangligan Formula Alleviates Acute Liver Failure by Regulating Galactose Metabolism and Gut Microbiota |
title_sort | qingchangligan formula alleviates acute liver failure by regulating galactose metabolism and gut microbiota |
topic | Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8807683/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35127552 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.771483 |
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