Humoral and Cellular Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Convalescent COVID-19 Patients With Multiple Sclerosis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Information about humoral and cellular responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and antibody persistence in convalescent (COVID-19) patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) is scarce. The objectives of this study were to investigate factors...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Zabalza, Ana, Arrambide, Georgina, Tagliani, Paula, Cárdenas-Robledo, Simón, Otero-Romero, Susana, Esperalba, Juliana, Fernandez-Naval, Candela, Trocoli Campuzano, Jesus, Martínez Gallo, Mónica, Castillo, Mireia, Bonastre, Mercè, Resina Sallés, Mireia, Beltran, Jordina, Carbonell-Mirabent, Pere, Rodríguez-Barranco, Marta, López-Maza, Samuel, Melgarejo Otálora, Pedro José, Ruiz-Ortiz, Mariano, Pappolla, Agustin, Rodríguez Acevedo, Breogán, Midaglia, Luciana, Vidal-Jordana, Angela, Cobo-Calvo, Alvaro, Tur, Carmen, Galán, Ingrid, Castilló, Joaquín, Río, Jordi, Espejo, Carmen, Comabella, Manuel, Nos, Carlos, Sastre-Garriga, Jaume, Tintore, Mar, Montalban, Xavier
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2022
Materias:
Article
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8808353/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35105687
http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000001143
Descripción
Sumario:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Information about humoral and cellular responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and antibody persistence in convalescent (COVID-19) patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) is scarce. The objectives of this study were to investigate factors influencing humoral and cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 and its persistence in convalescent COVID-19 PwMS. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of confirmed COVID-19 convalescent PwMS identified between February 2020 and May 2021 by SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. We examined relationships between demographics, MS characteristics, disease-modifying therapy (DMT), and humoral (immunoglobulin G against spike and nucleocapsid proteins) and cellular (interferon-gamma [IFN-γ]) responses to SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS: A total of 121 (83.45%) of 145 PwMS were seropositive, and 25/42 (59.5%) presented a cellular response up to 13.1 months after COVID-19. Anti–CD20-treated patients had lower antibody titers than those under other DMTs (p < 0.001), but severe COVID-19 and a longer time from last infusion increased the likelihood of producing a humoral response. IFN-γ levels did not differ among DMT. Five of 7 (71.4%) anti-–CD20-treated seronegative patients had a cellular response. The humoral response persisted for more than 6 months in 41/56(81.13%) PwMS. In multivariate analysis, seropositivity decreased due to anti-CD20 therapy (OR 0.08 [95% CI 0.01–0.55]) and increased in males (OR 3.59 [1.02–12.68]), whereas the cellular response decreased in those with progressive disease (OR 0.04 [0.001–0.88]). No factors were associated with antibody persistence. DISCUSSION: Humoral and cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 are present in COVID-19 convalescent PwMS up to 13.10 months after COVID-19. The humoral response decreases under anti-CD20 treatment, although the cellular response can be detected in anti–CD20-treated patients, even in the absence of antibodies.

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