Stability analysis and Hopf bifurcation in fractional order SEIRV epidemic model with a time delay in infected individuals

Infectious diseases have been a constant cause of disaster in human population. Simultaneously, it provides motivation for math and biology professionals to research and analyze the systems that drive such illnesses in order to predict their long-term spread and management. During the spread of such diseases several kinds of delay come into play, owing to changes in their dynamics. Here, we have studied a fractional order dynamical system of susceptible, exposed, infected, recovered and vaccinated population with a single delay incorporated in the infectious population accounting for the time period required by the said population to recover. We have employed Adam–Bashforth–Moulton technique for deriving numerical solutions to the model system. The stability of all equilibrium points has been analyzed with respect to the delay parameter. Utilizing actual data from India COVID-19 instances, the parameters of the fractional order SEIRV model were calculated. Graphical demonstration and numerical simulations have been done with the help of MATLAB (2018a). Threshold values of the time delay parameter have been found beyond which the system exhibits Hopf bifurcation and the solutions are no longer periodic.