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Virological and Serological Characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 Infections Diagnosed After mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccination Between December 2020 and March 2021

BACKGROUND: Vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are proving to be very effective in preventing severe illness; however, although rare, post-vaccine infections have been reported. The present study focuses on virological and serological features of 94 infections that occurred in Lazio Re...

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Autores principales: Colavita, Francesca, Meschi, Silvia, Gruber, Cesare Ernesto Maria, Rueca, Martina, Vairo, Francesco, Matusali, Giulia, Lapa, Daniele, Giombini, Emanuela, De Carli, Gabriella, Spaziante, Martina, Messina, Francesco, Bonfiglio, Giulia, Carletti, Fabrizio, Lalle, Eleonora, Fabeni, Lavinia, Berno, Giulia, Puro, Vincenzo, Bartolini, Barbara, Di Caro, Antonino, Ippolito, Giuseppe, Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria, Castilletti, Concetta
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8810639/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35127770
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.815870
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author Colavita, Francesca
Meschi, Silvia
Gruber, Cesare Ernesto Maria
Rueca, Martina
Vairo, Francesco
Matusali, Giulia
Lapa, Daniele
Giombini, Emanuela
De Carli, Gabriella
Spaziante, Martina
Messina, Francesco
Bonfiglio, Giulia
Carletti, Fabrizio
Lalle, Eleonora
Fabeni, Lavinia
Berno, Giulia
Puro, Vincenzo
Bartolini, Barbara
Di Caro, Antonino
Ippolito, Giuseppe
Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria
Castilletti, Concetta
author_facet Colavita, Francesca
Meschi, Silvia
Gruber, Cesare Ernesto Maria
Rueca, Martina
Vairo, Francesco
Matusali, Giulia
Lapa, Daniele
Giombini, Emanuela
De Carli, Gabriella
Spaziante, Martina
Messina, Francesco
Bonfiglio, Giulia
Carletti, Fabrizio
Lalle, Eleonora
Fabeni, Lavinia
Berno, Giulia
Puro, Vincenzo
Bartolini, Barbara
Di Caro, Antonino
Ippolito, Giuseppe
Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria
Castilletti, Concetta
author_sort Colavita, Francesca
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are proving to be very effective in preventing severe illness; however, although rare, post-vaccine infections have been reported. The present study focuses on virological and serological features of 94 infections that occurred in Lazio Region (Central Italy) between 27 December 2020, and 30 March 2021, after one or two doses of mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine. METHODS: We evaluated clinical features, virological (viral load; viral infectiousness; genomic characterisation), and serological (anti-nucleoprotein Ig; anti-Spike RBD IgG; neutralising antibodies, nAb) characteristics of 94 post-vaccine infections at the time of diagnosis. Nasopharyngeal swabs (NPSs) and serum samples were collected in the framework of the surveillance activities on SARS-CoV-2 variants established in Lazio Region (Central Italy) and analysed at the National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani” in Rome. RESULTS: The majority (92.6%) of the post-vaccine infections showed pauci/asymptomatic or mild clinical course, with symptoms and hospitalisation rate significantly less frequent in patients infected after full vaccination course as compared to patients who received a single dose vaccine. Although differences were not statistically significant, viral loads and isolation rates were lower in NPSs from patients infected after receiving two vaccine doses as compared to patients with one dose. Most cases (84%) had nAb in serum at the time of infection diagnosis, which is a sub-group of vaccinees, were found similarly able to neutralise Alpha and Gamma variants. Asymptomatic individuals showed higher nAb titres as compared to symptomatic cases (median titre: 1:120 vs. 1:40, respectively). Finally, the proportion of post-vaccine infections attributed either to Alpha and Gamma variants was similar to the proportion observed in the contemporary unvaccinated population in the Lazio region, and mutational analysis did not reveal enrichment of a defined set of Spike protein substitutions depending on the vaccination status. CONCLUSION: Our study conducted using real-life data, emphasised the importance of monitoring vaccine breakthrough infections, through the characterisation of virological, immunological, and clinical features associated with these events, in order to tune prevention measures in the next phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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spelling pubmed-88106392022-02-04 Virological and Serological Characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 Infections Diagnosed After mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccination Between December 2020 and March 2021 Colavita, Francesca Meschi, Silvia Gruber, Cesare Ernesto Maria Rueca, Martina Vairo, Francesco Matusali, Giulia Lapa, Daniele Giombini, Emanuela De Carli, Gabriella Spaziante, Martina Messina, Francesco Bonfiglio, Giulia Carletti, Fabrizio Lalle, Eleonora Fabeni, Lavinia Berno, Giulia Puro, Vincenzo Bartolini, Barbara Di Caro, Antonino Ippolito, Giuseppe Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria Castilletti, Concetta Front Med (Lausanne) Medicine BACKGROUND: Vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are proving to be very effective in preventing severe illness; however, although rare, post-vaccine infections have been reported. The present study focuses on virological and serological features of 94 infections that occurred in Lazio Region (Central Italy) between 27 December 2020, and 30 March 2021, after one or two doses of mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine. METHODS: We evaluated clinical features, virological (viral load; viral infectiousness; genomic characterisation), and serological (anti-nucleoprotein Ig; anti-Spike RBD IgG; neutralising antibodies, nAb) characteristics of 94 post-vaccine infections at the time of diagnosis. Nasopharyngeal swabs (NPSs) and serum samples were collected in the framework of the surveillance activities on SARS-CoV-2 variants established in Lazio Region (Central Italy) and analysed at the National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani” in Rome. RESULTS: The majority (92.6%) of the post-vaccine infections showed pauci/asymptomatic or mild clinical course, with symptoms and hospitalisation rate significantly less frequent in patients infected after full vaccination course as compared to patients who received a single dose vaccine. Although differences were not statistically significant, viral loads and isolation rates were lower in NPSs from patients infected after receiving two vaccine doses as compared to patients with one dose. Most cases (84%) had nAb in serum at the time of infection diagnosis, which is a sub-group of vaccinees, were found similarly able to neutralise Alpha and Gamma variants. Asymptomatic individuals showed higher nAb titres as compared to symptomatic cases (median titre: 1:120 vs. 1:40, respectively). Finally, the proportion of post-vaccine infections attributed either to Alpha and Gamma variants was similar to the proportion observed in the contemporary unvaccinated population in the Lazio region, and mutational analysis did not reveal enrichment of a defined set of Spike protein substitutions depending on the vaccination status. CONCLUSION: Our study conducted using real-life data, emphasised the importance of monitoring vaccine breakthrough infections, through the characterisation of virological, immunological, and clinical features associated with these events, in order to tune prevention measures in the next phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-01-20 /pmc/articles/PMC8810639/ /pubmed/35127770 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.815870 Text en Copyright © 2022 Colavita, Meschi, Gruber, Rueca, Vairo, Matusali, Lapa, Giombini, De Carli, Spaziante, Messina, Bonfiglio, Carletti, Lalle, Fabeni, Berno, Puro, Bartolini, Di Caro, Ippolito, Capobianchi and Castilletti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Medicine
Colavita, Francesca
Meschi, Silvia
Gruber, Cesare Ernesto Maria
Rueca, Martina
Vairo, Francesco
Matusali, Giulia
Lapa, Daniele
Giombini, Emanuela
De Carli, Gabriella
Spaziante, Martina
Messina, Francesco
Bonfiglio, Giulia
Carletti, Fabrizio
Lalle, Eleonora
Fabeni, Lavinia
Berno, Giulia
Puro, Vincenzo
Bartolini, Barbara
Di Caro, Antonino
Ippolito, Giuseppe
Capobianchi, Maria Rosaria
Castilletti, Concetta
Virological and Serological Characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 Infections Diagnosed After mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccination Between December 2020 and March 2021
title Virological and Serological Characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 Infections Diagnosed After mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccination Between December 2020 and March 2021
title_full Virological and Serological Characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 Infections Diagnosed After mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccination Between December 2020 and March 2021
title_fullStr Virological and Serological Characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 Infections Diagnosed After mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccination Between December 2020 and March 2021
title_full_unstemmed Virological and Serological Characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 Infections Diagnosed After mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccination Between December 2020 and March 2021
title_short Virological and Serological Characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 Infections Diagnosed After mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccination Between December 2020 and March 2021
title_sort virological and serological characterisation of sars-cov-2 infections diagnosed after mrna bnt162b2 vaccination between december 2020 and march 2021
topic Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8810639/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35127770
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.815870
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