Study of nuclear modification factors of deuteron and anti-deuteron in Pb–Pb collisions at [Formula: see text]

The nuclear modification factors ([Formula: see text] ) of d and [Formula: see text] have been studied using the parton and hadron cascade model plus the dynamically constrained phase space coalescence model in peripheral (40–60%) and central (0–5%) Pb–Pb collisions at [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] . It is found that the [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is similar to that of hadrons ([Formula: see text] ) and the [Formula: see text] of antiparticles is the same as that of particles. The suppression effect of d is more significant than that of baryons and mesons in the high-[Formula: see text] region. The suppression of [Formula: see text] at high-[Formula: see text] strongly depends on event centrality and mass of the particles, i.e., the central collision is more suppressed than the peripheral collision. Besides, the yield ratios and double ratios for different particle species, and the coalescence parameter [Formula: see text] for ([Formula: see text] ) in pp and Pb–Pb collisions are discussed, respectively. It is observed that the yield ratios and double ratios of d to p and p to [Formula: see text] are similar to those of their anti-particles in three different collision systems, suggesting that the suppressions of matter ([Formula: see text] ) and the corresponding antimatter ([Formula: see text] ) are around the same level.