Permeability Loss of Bituminous Coal Induced by Water and Salinity Sensitivities: Implications of Minerals’ Occurrence and Pore Structure Complexity

[Image: see text] Water sensitivity (WS) and salinity sensitivity (SS) are key issues to be investigated for instructing coalbed methane (CBM) production. This work studied the influences of minerals and pores on WS and SS of medium-volatile bituminous coal (MVBC) and highly volatile bituminous coal (HVBC) deposited in northwestern China by detecting and observing minerals using the TESCAN Integrated Mineral Analyzer, simulating WS and SS, and characterizing pore structural complexities using rate-controlled mercury penetration. The results show that (1) kaolinite is mainly distributed as irregular particles or fragile aggregates attaching on the bedding surface or filling in meso-pores or transition pores, showing a high potential for detachment; (2) MVBC and HVBC in this study are characterized as medium to weak WS and weak SS, respectively; (3) for HVBC during the WS or SS process, kaolinite distributed in meso-pores or transition pores first detaches and then migrates to the narrow throat of macro-pores and super macro-pores, leading to volume decreases of macro-pores and super macro-pores and loss of permeability; and (4) kaolinite filling in macro-pores of MVBC detaches, then migrates, and finally deposits in super macro-pores after WS and SS, leading to losses of super macro-pore volume and permeability. Results of this study can enhance the scientific knowledge on WS and SS of coal during CBM development.