Cargando…
Action Intentions, Predictive Processing, and Mind Reading: Turning Goalkeepers Into Penalty Killers
The key to action control is one’s ability to adequately predict the consequences of one’s actions. Predictive processing theories assume that forward models enable rapid “preplay” to assess the match between predicted and intended action effects. Here we propose the novel hypothesis that “reading”...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8812381/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35126073 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.789817 |
_version_ | 1784644637696196608 |
---|---|
author | Ridderinkhof, K. Richard Snoek, Lukas Savelsbergh, Geert Cousijn, Janna van Campen, A. Dilene |
author_facet | Ridderinkhof, K. Richard Snoek, Lukas Savelsbergh, Geert Cousijn, Janna van Campen, A. Dilene |
author_sort | Ridderinkhof, K. Richard |
collection | PubMed |
description | The key to action control is one’s ability to adequately predict the consequences of one’s actions. Predictive processing theories assume that forward models enable rapid “preplay” to assess the match between predicted and intended action effects. Here we propose the novel hypothesis that “reading” another’s action intentions requires a rich forward model of that agent’s action. Such a forward model can be obtained and enriched through learning by either practice or simulation. Based on this notion, we ran a series of studies on soccer goalkeepers and novices, who predicted the intended direction of penalties being kicked at them in a computerized penalty-reading task. In line with hypotheses, extensive practice in penalty kicking improved performance in penalty reading among goalkeepers who had extensive prior experience in penalty blocking but not in penalty kicking. A robust benefit in penalty reading did not result from practice in kinesthetic motor imagery of penalty kicking in novice participants. To test whether goalkeepers actually use such penalty-kicking imagery in penalty reading, we trained a machine-learning classifier on multivariate fMRI activity patterns to distinguish motor-imagery-related from attention-related strategies during a penalty-imagery training task. We then applied that classifier to fMRI data related to a separate penalty-reading task and showed that 2/3 of all correctly read penalty kicks were classified as engaging the motor-imagery circuit rather than merely the attention circuit. This study provides initial evidence that, in order to read our opponent’s action intention, it helps to observe their action kinematics, and use our own forward model to predict the sensory consequences of “our” penalty kick if we were to produce these action kinematics ourselves. In sum, it takes practice as a penalty kicker to become a penalty killer. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8812381 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88123812022-02-04 Action Intentions, Predictive Processing, and Mind Reading: Turning Goalkeepers Into Penalty Killers Ridderinkhof, K. Richard Snoek, Lukas Savelsbergh, Geert Cousijn, Janna van Campen, A. Dilene Front Hum Neurosci Human Neuroscience The key to action control is one’s ability to adequately predict the consequences of one’s actions. Predictive processing theories assume that forward models enable rapid “preplay” to assess the match between predicted and intended action effects. Here we propose the novel hypothesis that “reading” another’s action intentions requires a rich forward model of that agent’s action. Such a forward model can be obtained and enriched through learning by either practice or simulation. Based on this notion, we ran a series of studies on soccer goalkeepers and novices, who predicted the intended direction of penalties being kicked at them in a computerized penalty-reading task. In line with hypotheses, extensive practice in penalty kicking improved performance in penalty reading among goalkeepers who had extensive prior experience in penalty blocking but not in penalty kicking. A robust benefit in penalty reading did not result from practice in kinesthetic motor imagery of penalty kicking in novice participants. To test whether goalkeepers actually use such penalty-kicking imagery in penalty reading, we trained a machine-learning classifier on multivariate fMRI activity patterns to distinguish motor-imagery-related from attention-related strategies during a penalty-imagery training task. We then applied that classifier to fMRI data related to a separate penalty-reading task and showed that 2/3 of all correctly read penalty kicks were classified as engaging the motor-imagery circuit rather than merely the attention circuit. This study provides initial evidence that, in order to read our opponent’s action intention, it helps to observe their action kinematics, and use our own forward model to predict the sensory consequences of “our” penalty kick if we were to produce these action kinematics ourselves. In sum, it takes practice as a penalty kicker to become a penalty killer. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-01-20 /pmc/articles/PMC8812381/ /pubmed/35126073 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.789817 Text en Copyright © 2022 Ridderinkhof, Snoek, Savelsbergh, Cousijn and van Campen. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Human Neuroscience Ridderinkhof, K. Richard Snoek, Lukas Savelsbergh, Geert Cousijn, Janna van Campen, A. Dilene Action Intentions, Predictive Processing, and Mind Reading: Turning Goalkeepers Into Penalty Killers |
title | Action Intentions, Predictive Processing, and Mind Reading: Turning Goalkeepers Into Penalty Killers |
title_full | Action Intentions, Predictive Processing, and Mind Reading: Turning Goalkeepers Into Penalty Killers |
title_fullStr | Action Intentions, Predictive Processing, and Mind Reading: Turning Goalkeepers Into Penalty Killers |
title_full_unstemmed | Action Intentions, Predictive Processing, and Mind Reading: Turning Goalkeepers Into Penalty Killers |
title_short | Action Intentions, Predictive Processing, and Mind Reading: Turning Goalkeepers Into Penalty Killers |
title_sort | action intentions, predictive processing, and mind reading: turning goalkeepers into penalty killers |
topic | Human Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8812381/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35126073 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.789817 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT ridderinkhofkrichard actionintentionspredictiveprocessingandmindreadingturninggoalkeepersintopenaltykillers AT snoeklukas actionintentionspredictiveprocessingandmindreadingturninggoalkeepersintopenaltykillers AT savelsberghgeert actionintentionspredictiveprocessingandmindreadingturninggoalkeepersintopenaltykillers AT cousijnjanna actionintentionspredictiveprocessingandmindreadingturninggoalkeepersintopenaltykillers AT vancampenadilene actionintentionspredictiveprocessingandmindreadingturninggoalkeepersintopenaltykillers |