Prevalence and Pregnancy Outcome of Mullerian Anomalies in Infertile Women: A Retrospective Study

BACKGROUND: Uterine anomalies arise if there is agenesis of one or two mullerian ducts, or absence of fusion or reabsorption of the septum between these ducts. The process may be partial or total and affect one or multiple parts of the tract. AIMS: This study was done to assess the distribution of various types of mullerian anomalies in infertile women, their classification based on ESHRE and AFS, associated anomalies, types of diagnostic modalities used, surgical interventions done(if any), various types of infertility treatment used and their outcomes. SETTING AND DESIGN: A retrospective analysis in a tertiary level hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study in which the women found to have mullerian anomalies were recruited from infertility clinic from July 2019 to March 2020. They were classified according to ESHRE and AFS criteria and their records were analyzed after taking various factors like age, ovarian reserve, duration of infertility, treatment given , associated ovarian and tubal factors and pregnancy outcomes. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Analysis was performed in Excel. RESULTS: There were 30 women with mullerian anomalies. Unicornuate uterus was most common anomaly. Four women required septoplasty in view of septate uterus. Five women had associated renal anomalies in form of shrunken kidney and ectopic kidney. Most of these women were considered for controlled ovarian stimulation followed by intrauterine insemination. In our study 16.6% women had successful pregnancy outcome. CONCLUSION: Mullerian anomalies continue to attract infertility specialist as they pose challenge in making clear diagnosis and its management as obstetrics outcomes are excellent after septum resection in women with septate uterus and conservative management in women with other anomalies. Proper work up of infertility and its management varies from case to case and associated factors like endometriosis, male factor, polycystic ovarian syndrome etc.