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Japan's Academic Barriers to Gender Equality as Seen in a Comparison of Public and Private Medical Schools: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Gender inequalities persist in Japanese academic medicine. Some public medical schools have introduced various types of career support for women physicians, whereas few private schools have. Few studies describe the representation of women at different academic ranks and adequacy of care...

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Autores principales: Nagano, Natsuko, Watari, Takashi, Tamaki, Yukihisa, Onigata, Kazumichi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8812492/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35136883
http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/whr.2021.0095
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author Nagano, Natsuko
Watari, Takashi
Tamaki, Yukihisa
Onigata, Kazumichi
author_facet Nagano, Natsuko
Watari, Takashi
Tamaki, Yukihisa
Onigata, Kazumichi
author_sort Nagano, Natsuko
collection PubMed
description Background: Gender inequalities persist in Japanese academic medicine. Some public medical schools have introduced various types of career support for women physicians, whereas few private schools have. Few studies describe the representation of women at different academic ranks and adequacy of career support in public and private medical schools in Japan. Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Methods: We used publicly available data from the 2018 National Survey on Career Support for Japanese Women Physicians published by the Association of Japanese Medical Colleges in March 2019, which was answered by departments regarding supporting women physicians. Participants represented 51 public and 29 private medical schools in Japan. The proportion of women at academic ranks and career support availability in private and public medical schools were determined using chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test. Results: The proportion of women in senior ranks was significantly higher in private (28.2%) than in public medical schools (25.4%) (p < 0.001). Excluding associate professors, the proportion of professors, lecturers, and assistant professors was significantly higher in private medical schools (3.8% vs. 5.8%, p = 0.002; 12.2% vs. 16.0%, p < 0.001; 20.5% vs. 29.9%, p < 0.001). More public medical schools provided position support and support for other job aspects (43.1% vs. 20.7%, p = 0.043; 70.6% vs. 20.7%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Public medical schools have lower proportions of women in the academic hierarchy but provide more career support than do private medical schools. Further study is needed to reveal the possible causes of this pattern.
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spelling pubmed-88124922022-02-07 Japan's Academic Barriers to Gender Equality as Seen in a Comparison of Public and Private Medical Schools: A Cross-Sectional Study Nagano, Natsuko Watari, Takashi Tamaki, Yukihisa Onigata, Kazumichi Womens Health Rep (New Rochelle) Original Article Background: Gender inequalities persist in Japanese academic medicine. Some public medical schools have introduced various types of career support for women physicians, whereas few private schools have. Few studies describe the representation of women at different academic ranks and adequacy of career support in public and private medical schools in Japan. Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Methods: We used publicly available data from the 2018 National Survey on Career Support for Japanese Women Physicians published by the Association of Japanese Medical Colleges in March 2019, which was answered by departments regarding supporting women physicians. Participants represented 51 public and 29 private medical schools in Japan. The proportion of women at academic ranks and career support availability in private and public medical schools were determined using chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test. Results: The proportion of women in senior ranks was significantly higher in private (28.2%) than in public medical schools (25.4%) (p < 0.001). Excluding associate professors, the proportion of professors, lecturers, and assistant professors was significantly higher in private medical schools (3.8% vs. 5.8%, p = 0.002; 12.2% vs. 16.0%, p < 0.001; 20.5% vs. 29.9%, p < 0.001). More public medical schools provided position support and support for other job aspects (43.1% vs. 20.7%, p = 0.043; 70.6% vs. 20.7%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Public medical schools have lower proportions of women in the academic hierarchy but provide more career support than do private medical schools. Further study is needed to reveal the possible causes of this pattern. Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers 2022-01-31 /pmc/articles/PMC8812492/ /pubmed/35136883 http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/whr.2021.0095 Text en © Natsuko Nagano et al., 2022; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License [CC-BY] (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Article
Nagano, Natsuko
Watari, Takashi
Tamaki, Yukihisa
Onigata, Kazumichi
Japan's Academic Barriers to Gender Equality as Seen in a Comparison of Public and Private Medical Schools: A Cross-Sectional Study
title Japan's Academic Barriers to Gender Equality as Seen in a Comparison of Public and Private Medical Schools: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_full Japan's Academic Barriers to Gender Equality as Seen in a Comparison of Public and Private Medical Schools: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_fullStr Japan's Academic Barriers to Gender Equality as Seen in a Comparison of Public and Private Medical Schools: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_full_unstemmed Japan's Academic Barriers to Gender Equality as Seen in a Comparison of Public and Private Medical Schools: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_short Japan's Academic Barriers to Gender Equality as Seen in a Comparison of Public and Private Medical Schools: A Cross-Sectional Study
title_sort japan's academic barriers to gender equality as seen in a comparison of public and private medical schools: a cross-sectional study
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8812492/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35136883
http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/whr.2021.0095
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