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Hidden fraction of Polish population immune to SARS-CoV-2 in May 2021
Population immunity (herd immunity) to SARS-CoV-2 derives from two sources: vaccinations or cases of infection with the virus. Infections can be diagnosed as COVID-19 and registered, or they can be asymptomatic, oligosymptomatic, or even full-blown but undiagnosed and unregistered when patients reco...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8812878/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35113873 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253638 |
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author | Budziar, Wiktoria Gembara, Katarzyna Harhala, Marek Szymczak, Aleksander Jędruchniewicz, Natalia Baniecki, Krzysztof Pikies, Aleksandra Nahorecki, Artur Hoffmann, Agnieszka Kardaś, Amelia Szewczyk-Dąbrowska, Alina Klimek, Tomasz Kaźmierczak, Zuzanna Witkiewicz, Wojciech Barczyk, Kamil Dąbrowska, Krystyna |
author_facet | Budziar, Wiktoria Gembara, Katarzyna Harhala, Marek Szymczak, Aleksander Jędruchniewicz, Natalia Baniecki, Krzysztof Pikies, Aleksandra Nahorecki, Artur Hoffmann, Agnieszka Kardaś, Amelia Szewczyk-Dąbrowska, Alina Klimek, Tomasz Kaźmierczak, Zuzanna Witkiewicz, Wojciech Barczyk, Kamil Dąbrowska, Krystyna |
author_sort | Budziar, Wiktoria |
collection | PubMed |
description | Population immunity (herd immunity) to SARS-CoV-2 derives from two sources: vaccinations or cases of infection with the virus. Infections can be diagnosed as COVID-19 and registered, or they can be asymptomatic, oligosymptomatic, or even full-blown but undiagnosed and unregistered when patients recovered at home. Estimation of population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is difficult and remains a subject of speculations. Here we present a population screening for SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG and IgA antibodies in Polish citizens (N = 501) who had never been positively diagnosed with or vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. Serum samples were collected in Wrocław (Lower Silesia) on 15th and 22nd May 2021. Sera from hospitalized COVID-19 patients (N = 22) or from vaccinated citizens (N = 14) served as positive controls. Sera were tested with Microblot-Array COVID-19 IgG and IgA (quantitative) that contain specific SARS-CoV-2 antigens: NCP, RBD, Spike S2, E, ACE2, PLPro protein, and antigens for exclusion cross-reactivity with other coronaviruses: MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, HCoV 229E Np, HCoV NL63 Np. Within the investigated population of healthy individuals who had never been positively diagnosed with or vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, we found that 35.5% (178 out of 501) were positive for SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and 52.3% (262 out of 501) were positive for SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA; 21.2% of the investigated population developed virus-specific IgG or IgA while being asymptomatic. Anti-RBD IgG, which represents virus-neutralizing potential, was found in 25.6% of individuals (128 out of 501). These patients, though positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, cannot be identified in the public health system as convalescents due to undiagnosed infections, and they are considered unaffected by SARS-CoV-2. Their contribution to population immunity against COVID-19 should however be considered in predictions and modeling of the COVID-19 pandemic. Of note, the majority of the investigated population still lacked anti-RBD IgG protection (74.4%); thus vaccination against COVID-19 is still of the most importance for controlling the pandemic. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8812878 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88128782022-02-04 Hidden fraction of Polish population immune to SARS-CoV-2 in May 2021 Budziar, Wiktoria Gembara, Katarzyna Harhala, Marek Szymczak, Aleksander Jędruchniewicz, Natalia Baniecki, Krzysztof Pikies, Aleksandra Nahorecki, Artur Hoffmann, Agnieszka Kardaś, Amelia Szewczyk-Dąbrowska, Alina Klimek, Tomasz Kaźmierczak, Zuzanna Witkiewicz, Wojciech Barczyk, Kamil Dąbrowska, Krystyna PLoS One Research Article Population immunity (herd immunity) to SARS-CoV-2 derives from two sources: vaccinations or cases of infection with the virus. Infections can be diagnosed as COVID-19 and registered, or they can be asymptomatic, oligosymptomatic, or even full-blown but undiagnosed and unregistered when patients recovered at home. Estimation of population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is difficult and remains a subject of speculations. Here we present a population screening for SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG and IgA antibodies in Polish citizens (N = 501) who had never been positively diagnosed with or vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. Serum samples were collected in Wrocław (Lower Silesia) on 15th and 22nd May 2021. Sera from hospitalized COVID-19 patients (N = 22) or from vaccinated citizens (N = 14) served as positive controls. Sera were tested with Microblot-Array COVID-19 IgG and IgA (quantitative) that contain specific SARS-CoV-2 antigens: NCP, RBD, Spike S2, E, ACE2, PLPro protein, and antigens for exclusion cross-reactivity with other coronaviruses: MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, HCoV 229E Np, HCoV NL63 Np. Within the investigated population of healthy individuals who had never been positively diagnosed with or vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, we found that 35.5% (178 out of 501) were positive for SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and 52.3% (262 out of 501) were positive for SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA; 21.2% of the investigated population developed virus-specific IgG or IgA while being asymptomatic. Anti-RBD IgG, which represents virus-neutralizing potential, was found in 25.6% of individuals (128 out of 501). These patients, though positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, cannot be identified in the public health system as convalescents due to undiagnosed infections, and they are considered unaffected by SARS-CoV-2. Their contribution to population immunity against COVID-19 should however be considered in predictions and modeling of the COVID-19 pandemic. Of note, the majority of the investigated population still lacked anti-RBD IgG protection (74.4%); thus vaccination against COVID-19 is still of the most importance for controlling the pandemic. Public Library of Science 2022-02-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8812878/ /pubmed/35113873 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253638 Text en © 2022 Budziar et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Budziar, Wiktoria Gembara, Katarzyna Harhala, Marek Szymczak, Aleksander Jędruchniewicz, Natalia Baniecki, Krzysztof Pikies, Aleksandra Nahorecki, Artur Hoffmann, Agnieszka Kardaś, Amelia Szewczyk-Dąbrowska, Alina Klimek, Tomasz Kaźmierczak, Zuzanna Witkiewicz, Wojciech Barczyk, Kamil Dąbrowska, Krystyna Hidden fraction of Polish population immune to SARS-CoV-2 in May 2021 |
title | Hidden fraction of Polish population immune to SARS-CoV-2 in May 2021 |
title_full | Hidden fraction of Polish population immune to SARS-CoV-2 in May 2021 |
title_fullStr | Hidden fraction of Polish population immune to SARS-CoV-2 in May 2021 |
title_full_unstemmed | Hidden fraction of Polish population immune to SARS-CoV-2 in May 2021 |
title_short | Hidden fraction of Polish population immune to SARS-CoV-2 in May 2021 |
title_sort | hidden fraction of polish population immune to sars-cov-2 in may 2021 |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8812878/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35113873 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253638 |
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