EFFECTS OF ORTHOPAEDIC INSOLES ON PATIENTS WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS: A META-ANALYSIS AND SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

OBJECTIVE: Recent clinical evidence supports that orthopaedic insoles, especially lateral-wedge insoles, can significantly benefit patients with knee osteoarthritis. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of orthopaedic insoles in patients with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of orthopaedic insoles on patients with knee osteoarthritis, published up to 16 February 2021, were reviewed and outcomes quantitatively summarized. RESULTS: A total of 15 studies from 13 randomized controlled trials that involved 1,086 participants were included in this study. All the included studies exhibited a moderate bias risk and were of acceptable quality. The pooled mean difference of pain determined by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) was –1.21 (p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) –2.61–0.18) with a high heterogeneity (I(2) = 75%). In the sensitivity analysis, the overall incidence was –0.20 (p= 0.62, 95% CI= –0.87–0.46) with an accepted heterogeneity (I(2) = 0%). No difference was observed between the Asian and Caucasian groups (p= 0.28). No significant difference was found in the pain score, Lequesne index or functional improvements. CONCLUSION: Meta-analysis revealed that orthopaedic insoles do not provide relief of pain or improve functionality in patients with knee osteoarthritis.