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Growth and toxin production of phomopsin A and ochratoxin A forming fungi under different storage conditions in a pea (Pisum sativum) model system
Phomopsins are mycotoxins mainly infesting lupines, with phomopsin A (PHOA) being the main mycotoxin. PHOA is produced by Diaporthe toxica, formerly assigned as toxigenic Phomopsis leptostromiformis, causing infections in lupine plants and harvested seeds. However, Diaporthe species may also grow on...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8816495/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34921667 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12550-021-00446-8 |
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author | Kunz, Birgitta Maria Pförtner, Laura Weigel, Stefan Rohn, Sascha Lehmacher, Anselm Maul, Ronald |
author_facet | Kunz, Birgitta Maria Pförtner, Laura Weigel, Stefan Rohn, Sascha Lehmacher, Anselm Maul, Ronald |
author_sort | Kunz, Birgitta Maria |
collection | PubMed |
description | Phomopsins are mycotoxins mainly infesting lupines, with phomopsin A (PHOA) being the main mycotoxin. PHOA is produced by Diaporthe toxica, formerly assigned as toxigenic Phomopsis leptostromiformis, causing infections in lupine plants and harvested seeds. However, Diaporthe species may also grow on other grain legumes, similar to Aspergillus westerdijkiae as an especially potent ochratoxin A (OTA) producer. Formation of PHOA and OTA was investigated on whole field peas as model system to assess fungal growth and toxin production at adverse storage conditions. Field pea samples were inoculated with the two fungal strains at two water activity (a(w)) values of 0.94 and 0.98 and three different levels of 30, 50, and 80% relative air humidity. After 14 days at an a(w) value of 0.98, the fungi produced 4.49 to 34.3 mg/kg PHOA and 1.44 to 3.35 g/kg OTA, respectively. Strains of D. toxica also tested showed higher PHOA concentrations of 28.3 to 32.4 mg/kg. D. toxica strains did not grow or produce PHOA at an a(w) values of 0.94, while A. westerdijkiae still showed growth and OTA production. Elevated water activity has a major impact both on OTA and, even more pronouncedly, on PHOA formation and thus, proper drying and storage of lupins as well as other grain legumes is crucial for product safety. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12550-021-00446-8. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8816495 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88164952022-02-16 Growth and toxin production of phomopsin A and ochratoxin A forming fungi under different storage conditions in a pea (Pisum sativum) model system Kunz, Birgitta Maria Pförtner, Laura Weigel, Stefan Rohn, Sascha Lehmacher, Anselm Maul, Ronald Mycotoxin Res Original Article Phomopsins are mycotoxins mainly infesting lupines, with phomopsin A (PHOA) being the main mycotoxin. PHOA is produced by Diaporthe toxica, formerly assigned as toxigenic Phomopsis leptostromiformis, causing infections in lupine plants and harvested seeds. However, Diaporthe species may also grow on other grain legumes, similar to Aspergillus westerdijkiae as an especially potent ochratoxin A (OTA) producer. Formation of PHOA and OTA was investigated on whole field peas as model system to assess fungal growth and toxin production at adverse storage conditions. Field pea samples were inoculated with the two fungal strains at two water activity (a(w)) values of 0.94 and 0.98 and three different levels of 30, 50, and 80% relative air humidity. After 14 days at an a(w) value of 0.98, the fungi produced 4.49 to 34.3 mg/kg PHOA and 1.44 to 3.35 g/kg OTA, respectively. Strains of D. toxica also tested showed higher PHOA concentrations of 28.3 to 32.4 mg/kg. D. toxica strains did not grow or produce PHOA at an a(w) values of 0.94, while A. westerdijkiae still showed growth and OTA production. Elevated water activity has a major impact both on OTA and, even more pronouncedly, on PHOA formation and thus, proper drying and storage of lupins as well as other grain legumes is crucial for product safety. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12550-021-00446-8. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2021-12-18 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC8816495/ /pubmed/34921667 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12550-021-00446-8 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Original Article Kunz, Birgitta Maria Pförtner, Laura Weigel, Stefan Rohn, Sascha Lehmacher, Anselm Maul, Ronald Growth and toxin production of phomopsin A and ochratoxin A forming fungi under different storage conditions in a pea (Pisum sativum) model system |
title | Growth and toxin production of phomopsin A and ochratoxin A forming fungi under different storage conditions in a pea (Pisum sativum) model system |
title_full | Growth and toxin production of phomopsin A and ochratoxin A forming fungi under different storage conditions in a pea (Pisum sativum) model system |
title_fullStr | Growth and toxin production of phomopsin A and ochratoxin A forming fungi under different storage conditions in a pea (Pisum sativum) model system |
title_full_unstemmed | Growth and toxin production of phomopsin A and ochratoxin A forming fungi under different storage conditions in a pea (Pisum sativum) model system |
title_short | Growth and toxin production of phomopsin A and ochratoxin A forming fungi under different storage conditions in a pea (Pisum sativum) model system |
title_sort | growth and toxin production of phomopsin a and ochratoxin a forming fungi under different storage conditions in a pea (pisum sativum) model system |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8816495/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34921667 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12550-021-00446-8 |
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