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Magnetization–structure–composition phase diagram mapping in Co-Fe-Ni alloys using diffusion multiples and scanning Hall probe microscopy
Transition metal alloys are essential for magnetic recording, memory, and new materials-by-design applications. Saturation magnetization in these alloys have previously been measured by conventional techniques, for a limited number of samples with discrete compositions, a laborious and time-consumin...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8816915/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35121759 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05121-1 |
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author | Shamsutdinov, Girfan Zhao, Peng Bhattiprolu, Sreenivas Zhao, Ji-Cheng Nadgorny, Boris |
author_facet | Shamsutdinov, Girfan Zhao, Peng Bhattiprolu, Sreenivas Zhao, Ji-Cheng Nadgorny, Boris |
author_sort | Shamsutdinov, Girfan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Transition metal alloys are essential for magnetic recording, memory, and new materials-by-design applications. Saturation magnetization in these alloys have previously been measured by conventional techniques, for a limited number of samples with discrete compositions, a laborious and time-consuming effort. Here, we propose a method to construct complete saturation magnetization diagrams for Co–Fe–Ni alloys using scanning Hall probe microscopy (SHPM). A composition gradient was created by the diffusion multiple technique, generating a full combinatorial materials library with an identical thermal history. The composition and crystallographic phases of the alloys were identified by integrated energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. “Pixel-by-pixel” perpendicular components of the magnetic field were converted into maps of saturation magnetization using the inversion matrix technique. The saturation magnetization dependence for the binary alloys was consistent with the Slater-Pauling behavior. By using a significantly denser data point distribution than previously available, the maximum of the Slater-Pauling curve for the Co–Fe alloys was identified at ~ 32 at% of Co. By mapping the entire ternary diagram of Co–Fe–Ni alloys recorded in a single experiment, we have demonstrated that SHPM—in concert with the combinatorial approach—is a powerful high-throughput characterization tool, providing an effective metrology platform to advance the search for new magnetic materials. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8816915 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88169152022-02-07 Magnetization–structure–composition phase diagram mapping in Co-Fe-Ni alloys using diffusion multiples and scanning Hall probe microscopy Shamsutdinov, Girfan Zhao, Peng Bhattiprolu, Sreenivas Zhao, Ji-Cheng Nadgorny, Boris Sci Rep Article Transition metal alloys are essential for magnetic recording, memory, and new materials-by-design applications. Saturation magnetization in these alloys have previously been measured by conventional techniques, for a limited number of samples with discrete compositions, a laborious and time-consuming effort. Here, we propose a method to construct complete saturation magnetization diagrams for Co–Fe–Ni alloys using scanning Hall probe microscopy (SHPM). A composition gradient was created by the diffusion multiple technique, generating a full combinatorial materials library with an identical thermal history. The composition and crystallographic phases of the alloys were identified by integrated energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. “Pixel-by-pixel” perpendicular components of the magnetic field were converted into maps of saturation magnetization using the inversion matrix technique. The saturation magnetization dependence for the binary alloys was consistent with the Slater-Pauling behavior. By using a significantly denser data point distribution than previously available, the maximum of the Slater-Pauling curve for the Co–Fe alloys was identified at ~ 32 at% of Co. By mapping the entire ternary diagram of Co–Fe–Ni alloys recorded in a single experiment, we have demonstrated that SHPM—in concert with the combinatorial approach—is a powerful high-throughput characterization tool, providing an effective metrology platform to advance the search for new magnetic materials. Nature Publishing Group UK 2022-02-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8816915/ /pubmed/35121759 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05121-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Shamsutdinov, Girfan Zhao, Peng Bhattiprolu, Sreenivas Zhao, Ji-Cheng Nadgorny, Boris Magnetization–structure–composition phase diagram mapping in Co-Fe-Ni alloys using diffusion multiples and scanning Hall probe microscopy |
title | Magnetization–structure–composition phase diagram mapping in Co-Fe-Ni alloys using diffusion multiples and scanning Hall probe microscopy |
title_full | Magnetization–structure–composition phase diagram mapping in Co-Fe-Ni alloys using diffusion multiples and scanning Hall probe microscopy |
title_fullStr | Magnetization–structure–composition phase diagram mapping in Co-Fe-Ni alloys using diffusion multiples and scanning Hall probe microscopy |
title_full_unstemmed | Magnetization–structure–composition phase diagram mapping in Co-Fe-Ni alloys using diffusion multiples and scanning Hall probe microscopy |
title_short | Magnetization–structure–composition phase diagram mapping in Co-Fe-Ni alloys using diffusion multiples and scanning Hall probe microscopy |
title_sort | magnetization–structure–composition phase diagram mapping in co-fe-ni alloys using diffusion multiples and scanning hall probe microscopy |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8816915/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35121759 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05121-1 |
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