A review on advances in (18)F-FDG PET/CT radiomics standardisation and application in lung disease management

Radiomics analysis quantifies the interpolation of multiple and invisible molecular features present in diagnostic and therapeutic images. Implementation of 18-fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ((18)F-FDG PET/CT) radiomics captures various disorders in non-invasive and high-throughput manner. (18)F-FDG PET/CT accurately identifies the metabolic and anatomical changes during cancer progression. Therefore, the application of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in the field of oncology is well established. Clinical application of (18)F-FDG PET/CT radiomics in lung infection and inflammation is also an emerging field. Combination of bioinformatics approaches or textual analysis allows radiomics to extract additional information to predict cell biology at the micro-level. However, radiomics texture analysis is affected by several factors associated with image acquisition and processing. At present, researchers are working on mitigating these interrupters and developing standardised workflow for texture biomarker establishment. This review article focuses on the application of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in detecting lung diseases specifically on cancer, infection and inflammation. An overview of different approaches and challenges encountered on standardisation of (18)F-FDG PET/CT technique has also been highlighted. The review article provides insights about radiomics standardisation and application of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in lung disease management.