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Skeletal muscle alterations in patients with acute Covid‐19 and post‐acute sequelae of Covid‐19
Skeletal muscle‐related symptoms are common in both acute coronavirus disease (Covid)‐19 and post‐acute sequelae of Covid‐19 (PASC). In this narrative review, we discuss cellular and molecular pathways that are affected and consider these in regard to skeletal muscle involvement in other conditions,...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8818659/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34997689 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12896 |
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author | Soares, Madu N. Eggelbusch, Moritz Naddaf, Elie Gerrits, Karin H. L. van der Schaaf, Marike van den Borst, Bram Wiersinga, W. Joost van Vugt, Michele Weijs, Peter J.M. Murray, Andrew J. Wüst, Rob C.I. |
author_facet | Soares, Madu N. Eggelbusch, Moritz Naddaf, Elie Gerrits, Karin H. L. van der Schaaf, Marike van den Borst, Bram Wiersinga, W. Joost van Vugt, Michele Weijs, Peter J.M. Murray, Andrew J. Wüst, Rob C.I. |
author_sort | Soares, Madu N. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Skeletal muscle‐related symptoms are common in both acute coronavirus disease (Covid)‐19 and post‐acute sequelae of Covid‐19 (PASC). In this narrative review, we discuss cellular and molecular pathways that are affected and consider these in regard to skeletal muscle involvement in other conditions, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, critical illness myopathy, and post‐viral fatigue syndrome. Patients with severe Covid‐19 and PASC suffer from skeletal muscle weakness and exercise intolerance. Histological sections present muscle fibre atrophy, metabolic alterations, and immune cell infiltration. Contributing factors to weakness and fatigue in patients with severe Covid‐19 include systemic inflammation, disuse, hypoxaemia, and malnutrition. These factors also contribute to post‐intensive care unit (ICU) syndrome and ICU‐acquired weakness and likely explain a substantial part of Covid‐19‐acquired weakness. The skeletal muscle weakness and exercise intolerance associated with PASC are more obscure. Direct severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV)‐2 viral infiltration into skeletal muscle or an aberrant immune system likely contribute. Similarities between skeletal muscle alterations in PASC and chronic fatigue syndrome deserve further study. Both SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific factors and generic consequences of acute disease likely underlie the observed skeletal muscle alterations in both acute Covid‐19 and PASC. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8818659 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88186592022-02-09 Skeletal muscle alterations in patients with acute Covid‐19 and post‐acute sequelae of Covid‐19 Soares, Madu N. Eggelbusch, Moritz Naddaf, Elie Gerrits, Karin H. L. van der Schaaf, Marike van den Borst, Bram Wiersinga, W. Joost van Vugt, Michele Weijs, Peter J.M. Murray, Andrew J. Wüst, Rob C.I. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle Reviews Skeletal muscle‐related symptoms are common in both acute coronavirus disease (Covid)‐19 and post‐acute sequelae of Covid‐19 (PASC). In this narrative review, we discuss cellular and molecular pathways that are affected and consider these in regard to skeletal muscle involvement in other conditions, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, critical illness myopathy, and post‐viral fatigue syndrome. Patients with severe Covid‐19 and PASC suffer from skeletal muscle weakness and exercise intolerance. Histological sections present muscle fibre atrophy, metabolic alterations, and immune cell infiltration. Contributing factors to weakness and fatigue in patients with severe Covid‐19 include systemic inflammation, disuse, hypoxaemia, and malnutrition. These factors also contribute to post‐intensive care unit (ICU) syndrome and ICU‐acquired weakness and likely explain a substantial part of Covid‐19‐acquired weakness. The skeletal muscle weakness and exercise intolerance associated with PASC are more obscure. Direct severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV)‐2 viral infiltration into skeletal muscle or an aberrant immune system likely contribute. Similarities between skeletal muscle alterations in PASC and chronic fatigue syndrome deserve further study. Both SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific factors and generic consequences of acute disease likely underlie the observed skeletal muscle alterations in both acute Covid‐19 and PASC. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-01-07 2022-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8818659/ /pubmed/34997689 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12896 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
spellingShingle | Reviews Soares, Madu N. Eggelbusch, Moritz Naddaf, Elie Gerrits, Karin H. L. van der Schaaf, Marike van den Borst, Bram Wiersinga, W. Joost van Vugt, Michele Weijs, Peter J.M. Murray, Andrew J. Wüst, Rob C.I. Skeletal muscle alterations in patients with acute Covid‐19 and post‐acute sequelae of Covid‐19 |
title | Skeletal muscle alterations in patients with acute Covid‐19 and post‐acute sequelae of Covid‐19 |
title_full | Skeletal muscle alterations in patients with acute Covid‐19 and post‐acute sequelae of Covid‐19 |
title_fullStr | Skeletal muscle alterations in patients with acute Covid‐19 and post‐acute sequelae of Covid‐19 |
title_full_unstemmed | Skeletal muscle alterations in patients with acute Covid‐19 and post‐acute sequelae of Covid‐19 |
title_short | Skeletal muscle alterations in patients with acute Covid‐19 and post‐acute sequelae of Covid‐19 |
title_sort | skeletal muscle alterations in patients with acute covid‐19 and post‐acute sequelae of covid‐19 |
topic | Reviews |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8818659/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34997689 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12896 |
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