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Hydrodynamic Interaction Between Tear Film and Air Puff From Noncontact Tonometry

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of potential droplet formation in response to air puff deformation with two noncontact tonometers (NCTs). METHODS: Twenty healthy volunteers were examined using two NCTs, Ocular Response Analyzer and Corvis ST, and two contact tonom...

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Autores principales: Yousefi, Atieh, Ma, Yanhui, Roberts, Cynthia J., Moroi, Sayoko E., Reilly, Matthew A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8819281/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35103798
http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/tvst.11.2.2
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author Yousefi, Atieh
Ma, Yanhui
Roberts, Cynthia J.
Moroi, Sayoko E.
Reilly, Matthew A.
author_facet Yousefi, Atieh
Ma, Yanhui
Roberts, Cynthia J.
Moroi, Sayoko E.
Reilly, Matthew A.
author_sort Yousefi, Atieh
collection PubMed
description PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of potential droplet formation in response to air puff deformation with two noncontact tonometers (NCTs). METHODS: Twenty healthy volunteers were examined using two NCTs, Ocular Response Analyzer and Corvis ST, and two contact tonometers, iCare and Tono-Pen. High-speed videos of the tear film response were captured with at spatial resolution of 20 microns/pixel at 2400 fps. Droplet size, droplet velocity, distance between air puff impact location, and the tear meniscus-lid margin were characterized. RESULTS: One subject was excluded due to technical issues. Droplets were detected only in tests with instilled eye drop. Videos showed the tear film rolls away from the apex while remaining adherent to the ocular surface due to the tendency of the fluid to remain attached to a solid surface explained by the Coanda effect. Twelve out of 38 videos with an eye drop administration showed droplet formation. Only one resulted in droplets with predominantly forward motion, which had the shortest distance between air puff impact location and lower meniscus. This distance on average was 5.9 ± 1.1 mm. The average droplet size was 500 ± 200 µm. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate no droplet formation under typical clinical setting. Hence, standard clinical use of NCT tests is not expected to cause droplets. NCT testing with eye drop administration showed droplet formation at the inferior eyelid boundary, which acts as a barrier and interrupts tear flow. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: Study of tear film interaction with NCT air puff shows that these tonometers are not expected to cause droplet formation in standard use and that if external drops are required, both eyelids should be held if patients need assistance to maintain open eyes to avoid droplets with predominantly forward motion.
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spelling pubmed-88192812022-02-18 Hydrodynamic Interaction Between Tear Film and Air Puff From Noncontact Tonometry Yousefi, Atieh Ma, Yanhui Roberts, Cynthia J. Moroi, Sayoko E. Reilly, Matthew A. Transl Vis Sci Technol Article PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of potential droplet formation in response to air puff deformation with two noncontact tonometers (NCTs). METHODS: Twenty healthy volunteers were examined using two NCTs, Ocular Response Analyzer and Corvis ST, and two contact tonometers, iCare and Tono-Pen. High-speed videos of the tear film response were captured with at spatial resolution of 20 microns/pixel at 2400 fps. Droplet size, droplet velocity, distance between air puff impact location, and the tear meniscus-lid margin were characterized. RESULTS: One subject was excluded due to technical issues. Droplets were detected only in tests with instilled eye drop. Videos showed the tear film rolls away from the apex while remaining adherent to the ocular surface due to the tendency of the fluid to remain attached to a solid surface explained by the Coanda effect. Twelve out of 38 videos with an eye drop administration showed droplet formation. Only one resulted in droplets with predominantly forward motion, which had the shortest distance between air puff impact location and lower meniscus. This distance on average was 5.9 ± 1.1 mm. The average droplet size was 500 ± 200 µm. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate no droplet formation under typical clinical setting. Hence, standard clinical use of NCT tests is not expected to cause droplets. NCT testing with eye drop administration showed droplet formation at the inferior eyelid boundary, which acts as a barrier and interrupts tear flow. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: Study of tear film interaction with NCT air puff shows that these tonometers are not expected to cause droplet formation in standard use and that if external drops are required, both eyelids should be held if patients need assistance to maintain open eyes to avoid droplets with predominantly forward motion. The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 2022-02-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8819281/ /pubmed/35103798 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/tvst.11.2.2 Text en Copyright 2022 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
spellingShingle Article
Yousefi, Atieh
Ma, Yanhui
Roberts, Cynthia J.
Moroi, Sayoko E.
Reilly, Matthew A.
Hydrodynamic Interaction Between Tear Film and Air Puff From Noncontact Tonometry
title Hydrodynamic Interaction Between Tear Film and Air Puff From Noncontact Tonometry
title_full Hydrodynamic Interaction Between Tear Film and Air Puff From Noncontact Tonometry
title_fullStr Hydrodynamic Interaction Between Tear Film and Air Puff From Noncontact Tonometry
title_full_unstemmed Hydrodynamic Interaction Between Tear Film and Air Puff From Noncontact Tonometry
title_short Hydrodynamic Interaction Between Tear Film and Air Puff From Noncontact Tonometry
title_sort hydrodynamic interaction between tear film and air puff from noncontact tonometry
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8819281/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35103798
http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/tvst.11.2.2
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