The regenerating protein 3A: a crucial molecular with dual roles in cancer

INTRODUCTION: REG3A, a member of the third subclass of the Reg family, has been found in a variety of tissues but is not detected in immune cells. In the past decade, it has been determined that REG3A expression is regulated by injury, infection, inflammatory stimuli, and pro-cytokines via different signaling pathways, and it acts as a tissue-repair, bactericidal, and anti-inflammatory molecule in human diseases. Recently, the role of REG3A in cancer has received increasing attention. The present article aims to investigate the structure, expression, regulation, function of REG3A, and to highlight the potential role of REG3A in tumors. METHODS: A detailed literature search and data organization were conducted to find information about the role of REG3A in variety of physiological functions and tumors. RESULTS: Contradictory roles of REG3A have been reported in different tumor models. Some studies have demonstrated that high expression of REG3A in cancers can be oncogenic. Other studies have shown decreased REG3A expression in cancer cells as well as suppressed tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, better understanding of REG3A may lead to new insights that make it a potentially useful target for cancer therapy.