Factors associated with gastro-duodenal ulcer in compensated type 2 diabetic patients: a Romanian single-center study

INTRODUCTION: Helicobacter pylori infection is accepted as the leading cause of chronic gastritis, ulcer disease and gastric cancer, with an important impact on health care burden, especially in countries with a high prevalence of infection. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of H. pylori infection, medication, associated medical conditions or social habits on endoscopic ulcer occurrence in the compensated type 2 diabetic population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two hundred and sixty type 2 diabetic patients investigated on endoscopy (57 patients with peptic ulcer and 203 controls) with a complete set of biopsies, demographic and medical data were enrolled. RESULTS: On univariate regression analysis, H. pylori infection (42.1% vs. 35.5%, p = 0.359) or a history of peptic ulcer (61.4% vs. 61.6%, p = 0.981) was not a predictor for ulcer on endoscopy in the diabetic population, and heartburn was more frequent in diabetics without ulcer (21.2% vs. 8.8%, p = 0.033). Anemia was the best predictor for ulcer on endoscopy in both diabetics with (p < 0.001, OR = 4.77, 95% CI: 2.02–11.28) and without (p = 0.027, OR = 2.76, 95% CI: 1.10–6.91) chronic proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. In diabetic patients on PPI more than 1 month anticoagulants – acenocoumarol or low-weight molecular heparin (p = 0.038, OR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.04–5.40), low-dose aspirin 75–125 mg/day (p = 0.029, OR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.08–6.28) and alcohol consumption (p = 0.015, OR = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.19–6.13) were predictors for ulcer on endoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: In diabetic patients, anemia is the most important predictor for ulcer on endoscopy, but not H. pylori or digestive symptoms, while low-dose aspirin or anticoagulant therapy and alcohol consumption are the most important predictors for ulcer in diabetics on chronic proton pump inhibitor therapy.