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Effective ultraviolet C light disinfection of respirators demonstrated in challenges with Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores and SARS-CoV-2 virus

BACKGROUND: The global COVID-19 pandemic, accompanied by spikes in the number of patients in hospitals, required substantial amounts of respiratory protective devices (respirators), thereby causing shortages. Disinfection of used respirators by applying ultraviolet C (UVC) light may enable safe reus...

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Autores principales: van der Vossen, J.M.B.M., Fawzy, A., Ouwens, A.M.T., van Doornmalen, J.P.C.M., de Samber, M., Driessens, R., Heerikhuisen, M., Montijn, R.C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Healthcare Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8828443/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35150785
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2022.01.021
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author van der Vossen, J.M.B.M.
Fawzy, A.
Ouwens, A.M.T.
van Doornmalen, J.P.C.M.
de Samber, M.
Driessens, R.
Heerikhuisen, M.
Montijn, R.C.
author_facet van der Vossen, J.M.B.M.
Fawzy, A.
Ouwens, A.M.T.
van Doornmalen, J.P.C.M.
de Samber, M.
Driessens, R.
Heerikhuisen, M.
Montijn, R.C.
author_sort van der Vossen, J.M.B.M.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The global COVID-19 pandemic, accompanied by spikes in the number of patients in hospitals, required substantial amounts of respiratory protective devices (respirators), thereby causing shortages. Disinfection of used respirators by applying ultraviolet C (UVC) light may enable safe reuse, reducing shortages. AIM: To determine whether UVC disinfection is applicable to enable repeated safe reuse of respirators. METHODS: The UVC chamber, equipped with low-pressure mercury discharge lamps emitting at 254 nm, was used to determine the sporicidal and virucidal effects. Respirators challenged with spores and viruses were exposed to various UVC energy levels. Deactivation of the biological agents was studied as well as UVC effects on particle filtration properties and respirator fit. FINDINGS: A 5 log(10) reduction of G. thermophilus spore viability by a UVC dose of 1.1 J/cm(2) was observed. By simulating spores present in the middle of the respirators, a 5 log(10) reduction was achieved at a UVC dose of 10 J/cm(2). SARS-CoV-2 viruses were inactivated by 4 log(10) upon exposure to 19.5 mJ/cm(2) UVC. In case UVC must be transmitted through all layers of the respirators to reach the spores and virus, a reduction of >5 log(10) was achieved using a UVC dose of 10 J/cm(2). Exposure to a six-times higher UVC dose did not significantly affect the integrity of the fit nor aerosol filtering capacity of the respirator. CONCLUSION: UVC was shown to be a mild and effective way of respirator disinfection allowing for reuse of the UVC-treated respirators.
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spelling pubmed-88284432022-02-10 Effective ultraviolet C light disinfection of respirators demonstrated in challenges with Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores and SARS-CoV-2 virus van der Vossen, J.M.B.M. Fawzy, A. Ouwens, A.M.T. van Doornmalen, J.P.C.M. de Samber, M. Driessens, R. Heerikhuisen, M. Montijn, R.C. J Hosp Infect Article BACKGROUND: The global COVID-19 pandemic, accompanied by spikes in the number of patients in hospitals, required substantial amounts of respiratory protective devices (respirators), thereby causing shortages. Disinfection of used respirators by applying ultraviolet C (UVC) light may enable safe reuse, reducing shortages. AIM: To determine whether UVC disinfection is applicable to enable repeated safe reuse of respirators. METHODS: The UVC chamber, equipped with low-pressure mercury discharge lamps emitting at 254 nm, was used to determine the sporicidal and virucidal effects. Respirators challenged with spores and viruses were exposed to various UVC energy levels. Deactivation of the biological agents was studied as well as UVC effects on particle filtration properties and respirator fit. FINDINGS: A 5 log(10) reduction of G. thermophilus spore viability by a UVC dose of 1.1 J/cm(2) was observed. By simulating spores present in the middle of the respirators, a 5 log(10) reduction was achieved at a UVC dose of 10 J/cm(2). SARS-CoV-2 viruses were inactivated by 4 log(10) upon exposure to 19.5 mJ/cm(2) UVC. In case UVC must be transmitted through all layers of the respirators to reach the spores and virus, a reduction of >5 log(10) was achieved using a UVC dose of 10 J/cm(2). Exposure to a six-times higher UVC dose did not significantly affect the integrity of the fit nor aerosol filtering capacity of the respirator. CONCLUSION: UVC was shown to be a mild and effective way of respirator disinfection allowing for reuse of the UVC-treated respirators. The Healthcare Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. 2022-04 2022-02-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8828443/ /pubmed/35150785 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2022.01.021 Text en © 2022 The Healthcare Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
spellingShingle Article
van der Vossen, J.M.B.M.
Fawzy, A.
Ouwens, A.M.T.
van Doornmalen, J.P.C.M.
de Samber, M.
Driessens, R.
Heerikhuisen, M.
Montijn, R.C.
Effective ultraviolet C light disinfection of respirators demonstrated in challenges with Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores and SARS-CoV-2 virus
title Effective ultraviolet C light disinfection of respirators demonstrated in challenges with Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores and SARS-CoV-2 virus
title_full Effective ultraviolet C light disinfection of respirators demonstrated in challenges with Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores and SARS-CoV-2 virus
title_fullStr Effective ultraviolet C light disinfection of respirators demonstrated in challenges with Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores and SARS-CoV-2 virus
title_full_unstemmed Effective ultraviolet C light disinfection of respirators demonstrated in challenges with Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores and SARS-CoV-2 virus
title_short Effective ultraviolet C light disinfection of respirators demonstrated in challenges with Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores and SARS-CoV-2 virus
title_sort effective ultraviolet c light disinfection of respirators demonstrated in challenges with geobacillus stearothermophilus spores and sars-cov-2 virus
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8828443/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35150785
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2022.01.021
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