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Heterologous Immunity Between SARS-CoV-2 and Pathogenic Bacteria

Heterologous immunity, when the memory T cell response elicited by one pathogen recognizes another pathogen, has been offered as a contributing factor for the high variability in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity outcomes. Here we demonstrate that sensitization with bacterial peptides can...

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Autores principales: Eggenhuizen, Peter J., Ng, Boaz H., Chang, Janet, Cheong, Rachel M.Y., Yellapragada, Anusha, Wong, Wey Y., Ting, Yi Tian, Monk, Julie A., Gan, Poh-Yi, Holdsworth, Stephen R., Ooi, Joshua D.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8829141/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35154139
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.821595
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author Eggenhuizen, Peter J.
Ng, Boaz H.
Chang, Janet
Cheong, Rachel M.Y.
Yellapragada, Anusha
Wong, Wey Y.
Ting, Yi Tian
Monk, Julie A.
Gan, Poh-Yi
Holdsworth, Stephen R.
Ooi, Joshua D.
author_facet Eggenhuizen, Peter J.
Ng, Boaz H.
Chang, Janet
Cheong, Rachel M.Y.
Yellapragada, Anusha
Wong, Wey Y.
Ting, Yi Tian
Monk, Julie A.
Gan, Poh-Yi
Holdsworth, Stephen R.
Ooi, Joshua D.
author_sort Eggenhuizen, Peter J.
collection PubMed
description Heterologous immunity, when the memory T cell response elicited by one pathogen recognizes another pathogen, has been offered as a contributing factor for the high variability in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity outcomes. Here we demonstrate that sensitization with bacterial peptides can induce heterologous immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) derived peptides and that vaccination with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can induce heterologous immunity to bacterial peptides. Using in silico prediction methods, we identified 6 bacterial peptides with sequence homology to either the spike protein or non-structural protein 3 (NSP3) of SARS-CoV-2. Notwithstanding the effects of bystander activation, in vitro co-cultures showed that all individuals tested (n=18) developed heterologous immunity to SARS-CoV-2 peptides when sensitized with the identified bacterial peptides. T cell recall responses measured included cytokine production (IFN-γ, TNF, IL-2), activation (CD69) and proliferation (CellTrace). As an extension of the principle of heterologous immunity between bacterial pathogens and COVID-19, we tracked donor responses before and after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and measured the cross-reactive T cell responses to bacterial peptides with similar sequence homology to the spike protein. We found that SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could induce heterologous immunity to bacterial peptides. These findings provide a mechanism for heterologous T cell immunity between common bacterial pathogens and SARS-CoV-2, which may explain the high variance in COVID-19 outcomes from asymptomatic to severe. We also demonstrate proof-of-concept that SARS-CoV-2 vaccination can induce heterologous immunity to pathogenic bacteria derived peptides.
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spelling pubmed-88291412022-02-11 Heterologous Immunity Between SARS-CoV-2 and Pathogenic Bacteria Eggenhuizen, Peter J. Ng, Boaz H. Chang, Janet Cheong, Rachel M.Y. Yellapragada, Anusha Wong, Wey Y. Ting, Yi Tian Monk, Julie A. Gan, Poh-Yi Holdsworth, Stephen R. Ooi, Joshua D. Front Immunol Immunology Heterologous immunity, when the memory T cell response elicited by one pathogen recognizes another pathogen, has been offered as a contributing factor for the high variability in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity outcomes. Here we demonstrate that sensitization with bacterial peptides can induce heterologous immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) derived peptides and that vaccination with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can induce heterologous immunity to bacterial peptides. Using in silico prediction methods, we identified 6 bacterial peptides with sequence homology to either the spike protein or non-structural protein 3 (NSP3) of SARS-CoV-2. Notwithstanding the effects of bystander activation, in vitro co-cultures showed that all individuals tested (n=18) developed heterologous immunity to SARS-CoV-2 peptides when sensitized with the identified bacterial peptides. T cell recall responses measured included cytokine production (IFN-γ, TNF, IL-2), activation (CD69) and proliferation (CellTrace). As an extension of the principle of heterologous immunity between bacterial pathogens and COVID-19, we tracked donor responses before and after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and measured the cross-reactive T cell responses to bacterial peptides with similar sequence homology to the spike protein. We found that SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could induce heterologous immunity to bacterial peptides. These findings provide a mechanism for heterologous T cell immunity between common bacterial pathogens and SARS-CoV-2, which may explain the high variance in COVID-19 outcomes from asymptomatic to severe. We also demonstrate proof-of-concept that SARS-CoV-2 vaccination can induce heterologous immunity to pathogenic bacteria derived peptides. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-01-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8829141/ /pubmed/35154139 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.821595 Text en Copyright © 2022 Eggenhuizen, Ng, Chang, Cheong, Yellapragada, Wong, Ting, Monk, Gan, Holdsworth and Ooi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Eggenhuizen, Peter J.
Ng, Boaz H.
Chang, Janet
Cheong, Rachel M.Y.
Yellapragada, Anusha
Wong, Wey Y.
Ting, Yi Tian
Monk, Julie A.
Gan, Poh-Yi
Holdsworth, Stephen R.
Ooi, Joshua D.
Heterologous Immunity Between SARS-CoV-2 and Pathogenic Bacteria
title Heterologous Immunity Between SARS-CoV-2 and Pathogenic Bacteria
title_full Heterologous Immunity Between SARS-CoV-2 and Pathogenic Bacteria
title_fullStr Heterologous Immunity Between SARS-CoV-2 and Pathogenic Bacteria
title_full_unstemmed Heterologous Immunity Between SARS-CoV-2 and Pathogenic Bacteria
title_short Heterologous Immunity Between SARS-CoV-2 and Pathogenic Bacteria
title_sort heterologous immunity between sars-cov-2 and pathogenic bacteria
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8829141/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35154139
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.821595
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