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Inflammatory Disease Affecting the Central Nervous System in Dogs: A Retrospective Study in England (2010–2019)

The epidemiology of inflammatory diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) in dogs is largely unknown. We aimed to report the relative proportion of different causes of inflammatory disease affecting the CNS in dogs and identify predictors for infectious vs. immune-mediated conditions and...

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Autores principales: Gonçalves, Rita, De Decker, Steven, Walmsley, Gemma, Butterfield, Sarah, Maddox, Thomas W.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8829331/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35155652
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.819945
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author Gonçalves, Rita
De Decker, Steven
Walmsley, Gemma
Butterfield, Sarah
Maddox, Thomas W.
author_facet Gonçalves, Rita
De Decker, Steven
Walmsley, Gemma
Butterfield, Sarah
Maddox, Thomas W.
author_sort Gonçalves, Rita
collection PubMed
description The epidemiology of inflammatory diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) in dogs is largely unknown. We aimed to report the relative proportion of different causes of inflammatory disease affecting the CNS in dogs and identify predictors for infectious vs. immune-mediated conditions and predictors for the most common diseases affecting the brain and the spinal cord. This was a retrospective cohort study over a 10-year period in 2 referral institutions using multivariable and multinomial logistic regression for identification of risk factors. In total, 1,140 client-owned dogs diagnosed with inflammatory disease affecting the CNS were included. Fifteen different diagnoses were identified, with immune-mediated (83.6%) disease being more common than infectious conditions (16.4%). The most common immune-mediated conditions diagnosed were meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (47.5%) and steroid-responsive meningitis–arteritis (30.7%), and the most common infectious conditions were discospondylitis (9.3%) and otogenic intracranial infection (2.2%). Older age (p < 0.001, OR = 1.019, 95% CI: 1.014–1.024), higher body weight (p < 0.001, OR = 1.049, 95% CI: 1.025–1.074), male sex (p = 0.009, OR = 1.685, 95% CI: 1.141–2.488), longer duration of the clinical signs before presentation (p < 0.001, OR = 1.011, 95% CI: 1.006–1.017), progressive nature of the clinical signs (p < 0.001, OR = 2.295, 95% CI: 1.463–3.599), identification of a possibly associated preceding event (p = 0.0012, OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.159–3.213), and hyperesthesia on presentation (p < 0.001, OR = 2.303, 95% CI: 1.528–3.473) were associated with a diagnosis of infectious diseases. Our data shows that immune-mediated diseases are more common than infectious conditions as a cause for inflammatory CNS disease in dogs. The risk factors for the most common diagnoses were identified from signalment, history, and findings of the physical and neurological examinations to give valuable information that can guide clinicians with their investigations.
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spelling pubmed-88293312022-02-11 Inflammatory Disease Affecting the Central Nervous System in Dogs: A Retrospective Study in England (2010–2019) Gonçalves, Rita De Decker, Steven Walmsley, Gemma Butterfield, Sarah Maddox, Thomas W. Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science The epidemiology of inflammatory diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) in dogs is largely unknown. We aimed to report the relative proportion of different causes of inflammatory disease affecting the CNS in dogs and identify predictors for infectious vs. immune-mediated conditions and predictors for the most common diseases affecting the brain and the spinal cord. This was a retrospective cohort study over a 10-year period in 2 referral institutions using multivariable and multinomial logistic regression for identification of risk factors. In total, 1,140 client-owned dogs diagnosed with inflammatory disease affecting the CNS were included. Fifteen different diagnoses were identified, with immune-mediated (83.6%) disease being more common than infectious conditions (16.4%). The most common immune-mediated conditions diagnosed were meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (47.5%) and steroid-responsive meningitis–arteritis (30.7%), and the most common infectious conditions were discospondylitis (9.3%) and otogenic intracranial infection (2.2%). Older age (p < 0.001, OR = 1.019, 95% CI: 1.014–1.024), higher body weight (p < 0.001, OR = 1.049, 95% CI: 1.025–1.074), male sex (p = 0.009, OR = 1.685, 95% CI: 1.141–2.488), longer duration of the clinical signs before presentation (p < 0.001, OR = 1.011, 95% CI: 1.006–1.017), progressive nature of the clinical signs (p < 0.001, OR = 2.295, 95% CI: 1.463–3.599), identification of a possibly associated preceding event (p = 0.0012, OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.159–3.213), and hyperesthesia on presentation (p < 0.001, OR = 2.303, 95% CI: 1.528–3.473) were associated with a diagnosis of infectious diseases. Our data shows that immune-mediated diseases are more common than infectious conditions as a cause for inflammatory CNS disease in dogs. The risk factors for the most common diagnoses were identified from signalment, history, and findings of the physical and neurological examinations to give valuable information that can guide clinicians with their investigations. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-01-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8829331/ /pubmed/35155652 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.819945 Text en Copyright © 2022 Gonçalves, De Decker, Walmsley, Butterfield and Maddox. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Veterinary Science
Gonçalves, Rita
De Decker, Steven
Walmsley, Gemma
Butterfield, Sarah
Maddox, Thomas W.
Inflammatory Disease Affecting the Central Nervous System in Dogs: A Retrospective Study in England (2010–2019)
title Inflammatory Disease Affecting the Central Nervous System in Dogs: A Retrospective Study in England (2010–2019)
title_full Inflammatory Disease Affecting the Central Nervous System in Dogs: A Retrospective Study in England (2010–2019)
title_fullStr Inflammatory Disease Affecting the Central Nervous System in Dogs: A Retrospective Study in England (2010–2019)
title_full_unstemmed Inflammatory Disease Affecting the Central Nervous System in Dogs: A Retrospective Study in England (2010–2019)
title_short Inflammatory Disease Affecting the Central Nervous System in Dogs: A Retrospective Study in England (2010–2019)
title_sort inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system in dogs: a retrospective study in england (2010–2019)
topic Veterinary Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8829331/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35155652
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.819945
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