Case report of Campylobacter jejuni-associated myopericarditis: rare case of cardiac involvement by a common gastroenteritis pathogen

BACKGROUND: Myocarditis is caused by inflammation affecting the heart muscle. The usual aetiological factor is viral, especially in immunocompetent hosts and developed countries. Campylobacter jejuni is a common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis but has rarely been associated with myocarditis. CASE SUMMARY: We report a case of a 22-year-old male admitted with pleuritic chest pain and a diarrhoeal illness. Thorough evaluation of the patient history did not reveal any sources for contracting the diarrhoea. Stool cultures confirmed that the patient had C. jejuni infection as well as myopericarditis confirmed on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cardiac MRI). Treatment with colchicine 0.5 mg BD, ibuprofen 600 mg TDS, and ciprofloxacin 500 mg BD orally for 5 days was started, together with an intravenous infusion of 0.9% normal saline 1 L TDS. The patient showed signs of improvement over a span of three days and the ST changes on electrocardiogram resolved. DISCUSSION: Although C. jejuni-associated myopericarditis is uncommon, it can be potentially life-threatening if not considered in the differential. Its diagnosis involves good history taking, examination, and investigation with electrocardiography, troponins and inflammatory markers, echocardiography, and cardiac MRI. Several mechanisms of infection have been suggested, including direct insult by toxin or bacterium as well as an immune-mediated response. Both supportive and causative treatments are important to ensure recovery while reducing the risk of complications. It is therefore crucial to ensure that the patient receives adequate follow-up to ascertain patient progress and to mitigate any complications that may arise as well as tackle patient concerns. The patient had a rapid recovery.