Enhanced Corrosion Resistance of Carbon Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution by Polyoxometalate-Estertin Derivatives

[Image: see text] The development of acid-resistant and efficient corrosion inhibitors is of great significance for metal protection in many industrial processes. In this work, eight cases of sandwich-type polyoxometalate (POM)-based inorganic–organic hybrids, namely, carboxyethyltin and transition metal (TM) cofunctionalized tungstoantimonates and tungstobismuthates, formulated as Na(x)K(10–x)[(SnR)(2)(TM(H(2)O)(3))(2)(B-β-SbW(9)O(33))(2)]·mH(2)O and Na(y)K(10–y)[(SnR)(2)(TM(H(2)O)(3))(2)(B-β-BiW(9)O(33))(2)]·nH(2)O (abbreviated as SbW(9)-TM-SnR and BiW(9)-TM-SnR; TM = Mn, Co, Ni, and Zn; m = 18, 24, 24, and 22; n = 30, 25, 20, and 21; SnR = Sn(CH(2)CH(2)COO)) are first used as green corrosion inhibitors for 20(#) carbon steel in 0.5–2.0 M HCl solutions. Weight loss and electrochemical experiments prove that the corrosion inhibition efficiency is all above 81% for these POM-based corrosion inhibitors at 150 mg L(–1), and SbW(9)-Mn-SnR shows the highest efficiency of 96.9% at 150 mg L(–1) after immersion in a 0.5 M HCl solution for 10 h. Scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses show that these POM-based inhibitors form films on the carbon steel and the adsorption mechanism obeys the Langmuir adsorption model. The thermodynamic activation parameters were calculated, proving the occurrence of both chemical and physical adsorptions. The film-forming mechanism was also analyzed. This work provides guidance for synthesizing new lacunary POM-based materials to protect metals from corrosion in HCl pickling.