Structural Elucidation, Electronic and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Ca(Sn(x)Ti(1–x))O(3), (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) Lead-Free Ceramics

[Image: see text] The lead-free Ca(Sn(x)Ti(1–x))O(3), (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) sample has been successfully prepared through the ball milling process, sintered at 1200 °C for 3 h. The structural, morphological, vibrational, and microwave dielectric properties of synthesized samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and impedance analysis. All the samples have an orthorhombic phase structure with a space group of Pbnm formation, and the crystalline size and strain changes with respect to Sn(4+) doping were observed in the XRD analysis. From a morphological point of view, on increasing the content “x”, the grain size reduces from 3.29 to 1.37 μm. The existence of vibrations and the bridging stretching mode of Ti–O–Ti and Ti–O–Sn both are associated with the broadband in the region below 800 cm(–1) verified by FT-IR. The variation in electrons hopping off the host compound with respect to Sn(4+) ions was analyzed in AC conductivity. The changes of dielectric properties such as complex permittivity, modulus spectroscopy, and dielectric loss at room temperature with a different frequency range of 1.00–2.00 GHz are discussed.