A handy and accessible tool for identification of Sn(II) in toothpaste

An easily accessible colorimetric probe, a carbazole–naphthaldehyde conjugate (CNP), was successfully prepared for the selective and sensitive recognition of Sn(II) in different commercially-available toothpaste and mouth wash samples. The binding mechanism of CNP for Sn(2+) was confirmed by UV–Vis, (1)H, and (13)C NMR titrations. The proposed sensing mechanism was supported by quantum chemical calculations. Selective detection of Sn(II) in the nanomolar range (85 nM), among other interfering metal ions, makes it exclusive. Moreover, Sn(2+) can be detected with a simple paper strip from toothpaste, which makes this method handy and easily accessible. The potential application of this system for monitoring Sn(2+) can be used as an expedient tool for environmental and industrial purposes.