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The Basis and Promise of Programmable RNA Editing and Modification

One key advantage of RNA over genomic editing is its temporary effects. Aside from current use of DNA-targeting CRISPR-Cas9, the more recently discovered CRISPR-Cas13 has been explored as a means of editing due to its RNA-targeting capabilities. Specifically, there has been a recent interest in iden...

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Autores principales: Lo, Nicholas, Xu, Xin, Soares, Fraser, He, Housheng Hansen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8831800/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35154288
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.834413
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author Lo, Nicholas
Xu, Xin
Soares, Fraser
He, Housheng Hansen
author_facet Lo, Nicholas
Xu, Xin
Soares, Fraser
He, Housheng Hansen
author_sort Lo, Nicholas
collection PubMed
description One key advantage of RNA over genomic editing is its temporary effects. Aside from current use of DNA-targeting CRISPR-Cas9, the more recently discovered CRISPR-Cas13 has been explored as a means of editing due to its RNA-targeting capabilities. Specifically, there has been a recent interest in identifying and functionally characterizing biochemical RNA modifications, which has spurred a new field of research known as “epitranscriptomics”. As one of the most frequently occurring transcriptome modifications, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has generated much interest. The presence of m6A modifications is under the tight control of a series of regulators, and the ability of fusing these proteins or demethylases to catalytically inactive CRISPR proteins have resulted in a new wave of programmable RNA methylation tools. In addition, studies have been conducted to develop different CRISPR/Cas and base editor systems capable of more efficient editing, and some have explored the effects of in vivo editing for certain diseases. As well, the application of CRISPR and base editors for screening shows promise in revealing the phenotypic outcomes from m6A modification, many of which are linked to physiological, and pathological effects. Thus, the therapeutic potential of CRISPR/Cas and base editors for not only m6A related, but other RNA and DNA related disease has also garnered insight. In this review, we summarize/discuss the recent findings on RNA editing with CRISPR, base editors and non-CRISPR related tools and offer a perspective regarding future applications for basic and clinical research.
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spelling pubmed-88318002022-02-12 The Basis and Promise of Programmable RNA Editing and Modification Lo, Nicholas Xu, Xin Soares, Fraser He, Housheng Hansen Front Genet Genetics One key advantage of RNA over genomic editing is its temporary effects. Aside from current use of DNA-targeting CRISPR-Cas9, the more recently discovered CRISPR-Cas13 has been explored as a means of editing due to its RNA-targeting capabilities. Specifically, there has been a recent interest in identifying and functionally characterizing biochemical RNA modifications, which has spurred a new field of research known as “epitranscriptomics”. As one of the most frequently occurring transcriptome modifications, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has generated much interest. The presence of m6A modifications is under the tight control of a series of regulators, and the ability of fusing these proteins or demethylases to catalytically inactive CRISPR proteins have resulted in a new wave of programmable RNA methylation tools. In addition, studies have been conducted to develop different CRISPR/Cas and base editor systems capable of more efficient editing, and some have explored the effects of in vivo editing for certain diseases. As well, the application of CRISPR and base editors for screening shows promise in revealing the phenotypic outcomes from m6A modification, many of which are linked to physiological, and pathological effects. Thus, the therapeutic potential of CRISPR/Cas and base editors for not only m6A related, but other RNA and DNA related disease has also garnered insight. In this review, we summarize/discuss the recent findings on RNA editing with CRISPR, base editors and non-CRISPR related tools and offer a perspective regarding future applications for basic and clinical research. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-01-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8831800/ /pubmed/35154288 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.834413 Text en Copyright © 2022 Lo, Xu, Soares and He. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Genetics
Lo, Nicholas
Xu, Xin
Soares, Fraser
He, Housheng Hansen
The Basis and Promise of Programmable RNA Editing and Modification
title The Basis and Promise of Programmable RNA Editing and Modification
title_full The Basis and Promise of Programmable RNA Editing and Modification
title_fullStr The Basis and Promise of Programmable RNA Editing and Modification
title_full_unstemmed The Basis and Promise of Programmable RNA Editing and Modification
title_short The Basis and Promise of Programmable RNA Editing and Modification
title_sort basis and promise of programmable rna editing and modification
topic Genetics
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8831800/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35154288
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.834413
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