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Thymol protects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in in vivo and in vitro model of Parkinson’s disease via inhibiting oxidative stress
BACKGROUND: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multifactorial movement disorder with the progressive degeneration of the nigrostriatal system that impairs patients’ movement ability. Oxidative stress has been found to affect the etiology and pathogenesis of PD. Thymol, a monoterpenic phenol, is one of th...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8832724/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35144603 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-022-03524-1 |
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author | Nourmohammadi, Saeideh Yousefi, Sanaz Manouchehrabadi, Mahboubeh Farhadi, Mona Azizi, Zahra Torkaman-Boutorabi, Anahita |
author_facet | Nourmohammadi, Saeideh Yousefi, Sanaz Manouchehrabadi, Mahboubeh Farhadi, Mona Azizi, Zahra Torkaman-Boutorabi, Anahita |
author_sort | Nourmohammadi, Saeideh |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multifactorial movement disorder with the progressive degeneration of the nigrostriatal system that impairs patients’ movement ability. Oxidative stress has been found to affect the etiology and pathogenesis of PD. Thymol, a monoterpenic phenol, is one of the most important dietary constituents in thyme species. It has been used in traditional medicine and possesses some properties including antioxidant, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory. In this study, in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed with the thymol in order to investigate its potential neuroprotective effects in models of PD. METHODS: The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of thymol in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced cellular and animal models of PD. RESULTS: Post-treatment with thymol in vitro was found to protect PC12 cells from toxicity induced by 6-OHDA administration in a dose-dependent manner by (1) increasing cell viability and (2) reduction in intracellular reactive oxygen species, intracellular lipid peroxidation, and annexin-positive cells. In vivo, post-treatment with thymol was protective against neurodegenerative phenotypes associated with systemic administration of 6-OHDA. Results indicated that thymol improved the locomotor activity, catalepsy, akinesia, bradykinesia, and motor coordination and reduced the apomorphine-caused rotation in 6-OHDA-stimulated rats. Increased level of reduced glutathione content and a decreased level of MDA (malondialdehyde) in striatum were observed in the 6-OHDA rats post-treated with thymol. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our findings suggest that thymol exerts protective effects, possibly related to an anti-oxidation mechanism, in these in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson’s disease. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8832724 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88327242022-02-11 Thymol protects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in in vivo and in vitro model of Parkinson’s disease via inhibiting oxidative stress Nourmohammadi, Saeideh Yousefi, Sanaz Manouchehrabadi, Mahboubeh Farhadi, Mona Azizi, Zahra Torkaman-Boutorabi, Anahita BMC Complement Med Ther Research BACKGROUND: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multifactorial movement disorder with the progressive degeneration of the nigrostriatal system that impairs patients’ movement ability. Oxidative stress has been found to affect the etiology and pathogenesis of PD. Thymol, a monoterpenic phenol, is one of the most important dietary constituents in thyme species. It has been used in traditional medicine and possesses some properties including antioxidant, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory. In this study, in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed with the thymol in order to investigate its potential neuroprotective effects in models of PD. METHODS: The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of thymol in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced cellular and animal models of PD. RESULTS: Post-treatment with thymol in vitro was found to protect PC12 cells from toxicity induced by 6-OHDA administration in a dose-dependent manner by (1) increasing cell viability and (2) reduction in intracellular reactive oxygen species, intracellular lipid peroxidation, and annexin-positive cells. In vivo, post-treatment with thymol was protective against neurodegenerative phenotypes associated with systemic administration of 6-OHDA. Results indicated that thymol improved the locomotor activity, catalepsy, akinesia, bradykinesia, and motor coordination and reduced the apomorphine-caused rotation in 6-OHDA-stimulated rats. Increased level of reduced glutathione content and a decreased level of MDA (malondialdehyde) in striatum were observed in the 6-OHDA rats post-treated with thymol. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our findings suggest that thymol exerts protective effects, possibly related to an anti-oxidation mechanism, in these in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson’s disease. BioMed Central 2022-02-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8832724/ /pubmed/35144603 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-022-03524-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Nourmohammadi, Saeideh Yousefi, Sanaz Manouchehrabadi, Mahboubeh Farhadi, Mona Azizi, Zahra Torkaman-Boutorabi, Anahita Thymol protects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in in vivo and in vitro model of Parkinson’s disease via inhibiting oxidative stress |
title | Thymol protects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in in vivo and in vitro model of Parkinson’s disease via inhibiting oxidative stress |
title_full | Thymol protects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in in vivo and in vitro model of Parkinson’s disease via inhibiting oxidative stress |
title_fullStr | Thymol protects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in in vivo and in vitro model of Parkinson’s disease via inhibiting oxidative stress |
title_full_unstemmed | Thymol protects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in in vivo and in vitro model of Parkinson’s disease via inhibiting oxidative stress |
title_short | Thymol protects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in in vivo and in vitro model of Parkinson’s disease via inhibiting oxidative stress |
title_sort | thymol protects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in in vivo and in vitro model of parkinson’s disease via inhibiting oxidative stress |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8832724/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35144603 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-022-03524-1 |
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