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Decision-Making Under Risk and Uncertainty by Substance Abusers and Healthy Controls

Cognitive impairment characterized by high impulsivity and risk-taking has been correlated with substance-related disorders. However, it is unclear if the decision-making process is well known upon consideration of factors such as uncertainty environments, risk, and time manipulation in different de...

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Autores principales: Mejía, Diana, Avila-Chauvet, Laurent, Toledo-Fernández, Aldebarán
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8833085/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35153858
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.788280
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author Mejía, Diana
Avila-Chauvet, Laurent
Toledo-Fernández, Aldebarán
author_facet Mejía, Diana
Avila-Chauvet, Laurent
Toledo-Fernández, Aldebarán
author_sort Mejía, Diana
collection PubMed
description Cognitive impairment characterized by high impulsivity and risk-taking has been correlated with substance-related disorders. However, it is unclear if the decision-making process is well known upon consideration of factors such as uncertainty environments, risk, and time manipulation in different decision-making procedures. The main objective of this study was to identify behavioral differences between substance abusers and healthy control participants in a behavioral test battery, including (1) two uncertainty decision-making tasks, the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART) and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT, trial 1–40); (2) three risk-taking tasks, the Columbia Card Task Hot version (CCT-hot), Columbia Card Task Cold version (CCT-cold), and the IGT (trial 41–100); and (3) an impulsivity task, the Delay Discounting task (DD). The second objective looked at how the six behavioral tests correlate. We worked with a sample of 54 adult participants (Substance abusers: n = 28; Healthy controls: n = 26). An anonymous survey website was created to execute all the cognitive tasks. The results showed no statistically significant differences between the groups in any of the tasks. However, the results showed an upward trend of impulsive (i.e., steeply discounting curve) and risk-taking behaviors (i.e., a low learning curve in IGT) in substance abuse participants. The factor analysis results showed four different main factors: (1) risk-taking task in the IGT (trial 40–100), (2) uncertainty task in BART, (3) impulsivity in DD, IGT (trial 1–40), and (4) deliberate process in the Columbia card task (cold and hot). We conclude that factors such as the uncertainty tasks in the BART and the first block of IGT trials, the risk cues in the CCT tasks (i.e., number of loss, number of gains, and loss cards), and the time to delivery in the DD task, can affect the complex decision-making process in both clinical and healthy groups.
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spelling pubmed-88330852022-02-12 Decision-Making Under Risk and Uncertainty by Substance Abusers and Healthy Controls Mejía, Diana Avila-Chauvet, Laurent Toledo-Fernández, Aldebarán Front Psychiatry Psychiatry Cognitive impairment characterized by high impulsivity and risk-taking has been correlated with substance-related disorders. However, it is unclear if the decision-making process is well known upon consideration of factors such as uncertainty environments, risk, and time manipulation in different decision-making procedures. The main objective of this study was to identify behavioral differences between substance abusers and healthy control participants in a behavioral test battery, including (1) two uncertainty decision-making tasks, the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART) and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT, trial 1–40); (2) three risk-taking tasks, the Columbia Card Task Hot version (CCT-hot), Columbia Card Task Cold version (CCT-cold), and the IGT (trial 41–100); and (3) an impulsivity task, the Delay Discounting task (DD). The second objective looked at how the six behavioral tests correlate. We worked with a sample of 54 adult participants (Substance abusers: n = 28; Healthy controls: n = 26). An anonymous survey website was created to execute all the cognitive tasks. The results showed no statistically significant differences between the groups in any of the tasks. However, the results showed an upward trend of impulsive (i.e., steeply discounting curve) and risk-taking behaviors (i.e., a low learning curve in IGT) in substance abuse participants. The factor analysis results showed four different main factors: (1) risk-taking task in the IGT (trial 40–100), (2) uncertainty task in BART, (3) impulsivity in DD, IGT (trial 1–40), and (4) deliberate process in the Columbia card task (cold and hot). We conclude that factors such as the uncertainty tasks in the BART and the first block of IGT trials, the risk cues in the CCT tasks (i.e., number of loss, number of gains, and loss cards), and the time to delivery in the DD task, can affect the complex decision-making process in both clinical and healthy groups. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-01-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8833085/ /pubmed/35153858 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.788280 Text en Copyright © 2022 Mejía, Avila-Chauvet and Toledo-Fernández. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychiatry
Mejía, Diana
Avila-Chauvet, Laurent
Toledo-Fernández, Aldebarán
Decision-Making Under Risk and Uncertainty by Substance Abusers and Healthy Controls
title Decision-Making Under Risk and Uncertainty by Substance Abusers and Healthy Controls
title_full Decision-Making Under Risk and Uncertainty by Substance Abusers and Healthy Controls
title_fullStr Decision-Making Under Risk and Uncertainty by Substance Abusers and Healthy Controls
title_full_unstemmed Decision-Making Under Risk and Uncertainty by Substance Abusers and Healthy Controls
title_short Decision-Making Under Risk and Uncertainty by Substance Abusers and Healthy Controls
title_sort decision-making under risk and uncertainty by substance abusers and healthy controls
topic Psychiatry
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8833085/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35153858
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.788280
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